Table of Contents

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Rock samples are prepared for ICP analysis using the following procedures on each sample:

1. Cut to size (see Cutting Samples to Size below)
2. Polish (see Polishing Samples on Diamond Wheel below)
3. Clean (see Cleaning Samples below)
4. Dry (see Drying Samples below)
5. Crush (see Crushing Samples in the X-Press in XRD Sample Preparation Hard Rock )
6. Grind (see Grinding Samples in the Shatterbox in XRD Sample Preparation Hard Rock)

Cutting Samples to Size

To cut samples for the X-Press, use the splitting room rock saws (located in the Core Deck) following these guidelines:

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After 12 hours the samples should be dry, remove the beakers from the oven and place them inside the desiccator (Figure 6) while you prepare the X-press station.

Figure 6. Desiccators located in the X-ray lab

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Clean the balance area including the balance plates inside the balance. Any dust or particles on the plate could throw off the weight measurements. Before beginning make sure there are enough acid washed quartz crucibles for your samples. The crucibles are located in the X-Ray lab in a plastic container labeled 'Acid Washed Crucibles'. Wear gloves while handling the crucibles.

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Place a large sheet of paper in front of the balances and place supplies here. For each sample you need weigh paper (Figure 28A), a scoopula (Figure 28C), and a quartz crucible set (Figure 28B). Clean the scoopula with isopropyl alcohol in between each sample as it has direct contact with the sample powder.

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Figure 28. Materials needed for weighing LOI. A: Clean paper or kim wipe. B: Crucible set. C: Scoopula. D: Samples

Setting up the Mettler Toledo Balances

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Figure 29. Mettler Balance Station located in the XRay lab. A: Reference balance. B: Unknown balance. C: Sliding door. D: Reference power module. E: Unknown power module.
 

 Open Open the Mettler Balances program (Figure 30). There are multiple panes and parameters that are set before we start measuring.

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Figure 36. Weighing an empty inner crucible.
 

Close the door and click 'Weigh'. Wait for the counts to finish and then record the 'Final Weight' in the spreadsheet under 'Crucible Wt'.

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Figure 37. Crucible with approximately 5g of sample. Pre-ignition measurement

When the sample is close to this range click 'Weigh.' Press 'Halt' to stop the measurement and either add or remove sample if needed, and then click on 'Weigh' again to take a new measurement. 

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Figure 38. Complete crucible unit with sample, ready for ignition.

Igniting Samples

Samples are ignited in the Thermolyne Muffle furnace located in the Chemistry Laboratory. The entire ignition cycle takes approximately 20 hours to complete and cool down to ~200°C. After ignition, samples need to be taken out when they come down to ~ 50°C-200°C. If the samples sit for too long they will reabsorb moisture and the 'Post-Ignition Weight' will be inaccurate. Time this accordingly.

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Figure 39. The Thermolyne Muffle Furnace. A: Power Switch. B: Control Panel. C: Door handle.
 

Confirm with scientists, what temperature and how long samples should be run for. Below is a quick reference guide:

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Post-ignition measurements should be taken soon (within an hour) after removing crucibles from the furnace. Failure to do so will disrupt the LOI values. Reweigh the crucible plus the ignited sample to determine how much weight was gained or lost. Follow the same weighing procedure as in Pre-ignition Weighing.

1. Record the final weight in the excel spreadsheet under 'CRUCIBLE + IGN SAMPLE WT'. The spreadsheet will populate the columns 'Post Ignition Loss' and '%LOI'.
2. The formula used to calculate LOI is:

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Copy and paste your spreadsheet into that uploader. Click the 'Edit' button and 'Validate Sheet'. This checks and highlights any errors that need to be fixed. When the spreadsheet comes up clean, click 'Lims' and 'Upload'. The sheet will turn green when the measurements are successfully uploaded. The data is now in LIMS under Chemistry > ICP-AES Solids >Expanded LOI.

Cleaning the Quartz Crucibles

1. Wash the crucibles with DI water and a small piece of a scouring pad (no soap).
2. Rinse several times with DI water.
3. Place crucibles in a 10% HNO₃ bath for 12 hr.
4. Rinse 3 times with DI water after the acid bath.
5. Dry the crucibles in the oven at a maximum temperature of 60°C.

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Figure 43. Fused glass bead. 

• An analytical procedural blank of Flux is prepared identically to the samples. The 0.4 g of flux (the pre-weighed flux) is fused with 10µL 0.172 mM of LiBr and dissolved. An additional 0.1 g of flux is NOT added to mimic the TDS of the 0.5 g mix of sample + flux because this would provide an inaccurate quantitation of the impurities introduced by the amount of flux used in preparation of the unknowns.

Weighing the Sample

Note: This process is typically done by the chemistry technicians.
Weighing the sample is a critical step. The sample weight should be as close to 100 mg as possible. Inaccuracies in the weight will show up in the analytical results. Print small labels for each sample and place on your small, clear capped vial. On the lid label a sticker with the core, section, and interval. Confirm with scientists what powder you will be using Fresh or Ignited.

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Collect platinum crucibles, platinum tipped tongs, 0.172 LiBr, and pipette tips from the safe above the Bead Maker (Figure 44). Get the 10-100ul pipette and teflon spatula from the drawer and clean with isopropyl alcohol. Have a tray of samples that need to be fused and an empty tray for finished beads.
 

Figure 44. Bead making supplies. A: Platinum tipped tongs. B: Platinum crucibles. C: 0.172 Libr wetting agent. D: Pipette. E: Teflon spatula. F: Pipette tips. 

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Next, turn on the water (Figure 46; 47). The handle is to the left of the machine on the wall. Raise the handle slightly to turn it on. You will hear a small click once it is in the 'on' position. Now the 'Water' and 'Ready' indicator lights should be on. Do not run any samples unless these lights are on.

Figure 46. Water in off position.

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1. Rinse crucibles with DI water.
2. If beads are stuck to the bottom, sonicate with DI water for 30 min or more.
3. Place crucibles in HNO3 10% bath for 12 hr. If you notice any signs of residue, leave in the acid bath for longer.
4. Clean a Tupperware container with isopropyl alcohol. Lay down sheets of paper towel and large kimwipes.
5. Take crucibles out of the acid bath and rinse with DI water 3 times. Place crucible in the container. If the crucibles require polishing, see Polishing the Platinum Crucibles.
6. Cover all crucibles with a large Kimwipe and place in the drying oven in the Chemistry Laboratory. Leave overnight.
7. When dry remove crucibles and bring into the XRD laboratory. Wrap each crucible in a small Kimwipe and and place back in the safe. Lock the safe after all crucibles have been put back.

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