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- Name: Carbon Dioxide, synonym: carbonic anhydride
- Temperature: -78.5oC (109.3oF)
- DOT Shipping Class: ORM-A UN-1845 Pkg. GROUP 111 Class 9
- Non-flammable Gas: UN2187
Physical Data
Property | Value |
Molecular Weight | 44.0004 |
Density Liquid | 63.69 lb/ft3@ 0oF |
Density Gas | 0.1234 lb/ft3 @ 32oF |
Triple Point | -69 oF, 75.1 PSIA |
Critical Temperature | 87.8 oF |
Critical Pressure | 1066.3 PSIA |
Critical Density | 28.9855 lb/ft3 |
Latent Heat of Vaporization | 122 BTU/lb @ 0oF |
Viscosity Gas | 0.015 Centipoises @ 32oF |
Viscosity Liquid | 0.14 Centipoises @ 0oF |
Solubility in H2O | 1.79 ft3 CO2 gas/ft3 H20 (32oF) |
Table 1. Physical characteristics of dry ice-refrigerated shipments
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Here is general list of core laboratory supplies and their location on the ship (Table 1). Please remember to check out all supplies on the inventory checkout sheets located in each storage area.
DESCRIPTION TABLE SUPPLIES | LOCATION* |
10% HCl | CHEM LAB |
Desk supplies: pens, rulers, etc… | UTS |
Glad Wrap cut into thirds (for AMST) | UTS |
Glass sample vials with snap lids (16mL & 8mL) | UTS |
Gloves (for those w/ jewelry) | UTS |
Miscellaneous glassware | UTS |
Mounting media (Norland Optical Adhesive) | HRS |
Nalgene bottles | UTS |
Smear slides, coverslips & labels | UTS |
Toothpicks | UTS |
GENERAL CORE LAB SUPPLIES | LOCATION |
Kimwipes | UTS |
Kleenex | UTS |
Paper towels | UTS |
PHOTO AREA SUPPLIES | LOCATION |
Bucket | UTS |
Core box staples | HS |
Core boxes | UTS |
d-tubes | HRS |
Filament tape | HRS |
Polyethylene tape | HS |
d-tube end caps (red) | HS |
Permanent markers (red) | UTS |
Shrink wrap | HRS |
Utility knives | UTS |
CORE RACK SUPPLIES AT SAMPLE TABLE | LOCATION |
Bucket | UTS |
d-tube end caps (black) | HRS |
Permanent markers (black) | UTS |
Core box staples | HS |
Core boxes | UTS |
d-tubes | HRS |
Filament tape | HRS |
Foam sponges | HRS |
Polyethylene tape | HRS |
Utility knives | UTS |
SAMPLING TABLE SUPPLIES LOCATION | |
10cc scoops | UTPS |
5 and 10 cc sample tubes | UTPS |
5-10cc ethafoam sample plugs | UTPS |
Ethafoam rods | UTPS |
Kapak bags | UTS |
Pop-top vials | UTPS |
Sample bags | UTS |
*LOCATION KEY | |
HRS - HOLD REFRIGERATOR UTPS – UPPER TWEEN PALLET STORES STORES | |
UTS - UPPER TWEEN STORE ROOM BDC – BRIDGE DECK CONTAINER | |
Table 2. List of core supplies and their location on the ship
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The following is a list of all the valid core types and their code. In bold are the most commonly used types:
A | RAB-C, resistivity at the bit to log while coring |
B | Bit Sample |
C | Center Bit Recovery |
D | Positive Displacement Coring Motor (PDCM) |
E | HRC or Hyacinth Rotary Corer recovered under in-situ |
| F | Half length Advanced Piston Core (APC) |
G | Ghost cores, re-drilled intervals |
H | Originally referred to as Hydraulic Piston Coring now called Advanced Piston Core (APC) |
M | Miscellaneous |
N | Originally called Navi-Drill Core Barrel (NCB), now replaced by MDCB (Motor Driven Core Barrel) |
P | Pressure Coring System (PCS) or Pressure Core Barrel (PCB) |
R | Rotary Core Barrel (RCB) |
S | Side Wall Sample |
V | Vibra Percussive Corer (VPC), not a viable coring system anymore |
W | Wash Core Sample |
X | Extended Core Barrel (XCB) |
Y | FPC or Fugro Pressure Corer recovered under in-situ pressure |
Z | Originally called Diamond Coring System (DCS), now replaced by ADCB (Advanced Diamond Core Barrel) |
Table 6. List of Core type nomenclatures
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According to the Sample Distribution Policy, the following are typical sample volumes by sample types:
Sample Type | Volume/Length |
Thin-section billets (TSB) | Standard: 10 cm3 |
Thin-section billets (TSB) | Oversized: 50 cm3 (for large-grained plutonic rocks) |
Alkenone (Uk37) | 5 cm3 |
X-ray diffraction (XRD) | 5 cm3 |
ICP | 10 cm3 |
Carbonate (CARB) | 2 cm3 |
Paleomagnetism (PMAG) – cubes | 7 cm3 |
Paleomagnetism (PMAG) – minicores | 12 cm3 |
Paleomagnetism (PMAG)- U- channels | 600 cm3 |
Moisture and density (MADC) | 10–20 cm3 |
Grain size | 10–20 cm3 (depending upon coarseness) |
Planktonic foraminifers (FORAMP) | 10 cm3 |
Benthic foraminifers (FORAMB) | 10–20 cm3 |
Nannofossils (NANNO) | 2 cm3 |
Diatoms (DIAT) | 5–10 cm3 |
Radiolarians (RAD) | 10 cm3 |
Palynology (PALY) | 10–15 cm3 |
Organic samples | 20 cm3 |
Interstitial pore waters whole rounds (IW) | 5–20 cm long (based on water content) |
Inorganic geochemistry | 10 cm3 |
Organic geochemistry | 10 cm3 |
Sedimentology (SED) | 10–20 cm3 |
Slabs (for laminae studies) | 25–50 cm3 (depending on s lab length) |
Slabs (large grained plutonic rocks) | 50–100 cm3 (often shared by scientists for multiple analyses) |
Stable isotopes (C, O) | 10–20 cm3 |
Table 7. Samples types and their respective volumes
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The tools and procedures that help the Curatorial Specialist sample efficiently are:
Curatorial Specialist
Tool | Volume/Size | Comment | Material |
sample tubes, small* | 2-5cc tube | A single punch fills the tube halfway (~3 cc) and a second punch fills it (~5cc). The interval between samples is given by how the first and second punch are arranged when inserted: Horizontal side by side = 1cm, Vertical side by side = 2 cm. | soupy or consolidated sediment |
sample tubes, large* | 10 cc tube | A single punch fills the tube halfway (~10 cc), a second punch fills it (~20 cc). The intervals are given by the size of the sample: 10 cc sample = 2 cm, 20 cc sample =5cm | soupy or consolidated sediment |
plastic scoops** | 5 cc and 10cc ** | Small scoops are useful when trying to preserve 2/3 of the core for later high-resolution sampling. Note that there is some contamination on the edges of these samples. | soupy or consolidated sediment |
stainless steel scoops*** | 20 cc, 40 cc, 100cc | The larger metal scoops are sturdy and can be used for organic geochemistry sampling when the use of plastic is not desirable. They can also be gently pushed or hammered into semi- lithified sediment instead of a using a hammer and chisel | soupy or consolidated sediment; can be used in semi- lithified sediment also. |
plastic sample cubes, standard | 2" x 2" x 2” (same in all dimensions, AKA “French” cube) - | The bottom of the pmag cubes are pre-drilled and pre-marked with directional arrows. The standard IODP cube volume is somewhere between 6-7cc but is recorded in LIMS as 7cc. The cube is placed open side down, with arrow pointing to the top of the core. It is then pressed on with both thumbs, applying equal pressure across its surface. The sample is then removed from the core with spatula(s), trying not to disturb the material in the cube. Gently scrape or break the material off from the bottom of the cube with a clean spatula. Clean the cube and cap. Always place a handwritten or printed el on the cube itself and not the cover. Cover the cube. Putting the label over the hole in the lid is a good idea to slow evaporation from the sample. Pre-drilled and pre-marked sample cubes are also used to take fabric study samples (physical properties type samples) in soft sediment. Hand el fabric study samples in the same way you hand paleomag cubes. Place cube in a sealed | Paleomagnetics samples and fabric studies |
pop vial. Place the pop vial and a moistened sponge in a 4 x 6 sample bag with a computer- generated el. Refrigerate the sample. | |||
plastic sample cubes, small | 1cm x 1cm x 1cm | Generally used for sampling across magnetic transitions and for high-resolution sampling. The Paleomag MLS should prepare the plastic cuvettes. The cuvettes must be cut down to 1 cm cube, the burrs cleaned off, and a tiny hole drilled in the bottom. A slip of parafilm is used to seal the sample inside the cube. | paleomagnetic high resolution sampling |
minicorer | 10-12cc | In harder materials, paleomagnetists often prefer to take minicores, cylindrical samples taken with the drill press. All drilled paleomag samples should be marked with a directional arrow before drilling. Slice off the bottom of the paleomag minicore using the rock saw. Return the slice to the core. It is not uncommon for scientists to request minicores for geochemical or petrological studies. Place all drilled samples in pop vials. Vials should be taped and have a computer generated label on the outside. | paleomagnetic (and sometimes geochemical/ petrological) samples |
vertical minicores | 30-50 cm3 | These are generally requested for sonic velocity measurements. It is important that the samples are cut in materials that do not contain fractures or veins. Samples should be oriented with respect to the top of the core. At times, vertical minicores can be requested from whole rounds. In this case, each sample must be pre-approved by the SAC in the same way that a PPwhole round needs the SAC approval. | paleomagnetic |
parallel bladed saw | 12cc | Make sure that the sample is marked with a directional arrow. In lithified sediment and basalt, sonic velocity samples are often cut on the parallel saw. | sonic velocity and paleomagnetic samples |
hammer and chisel | variable | Metal hammer and chisels can be used in almost all samples. Check for each case. Always use a plastic chisel at the K/T boundary and other geochemically significant (as defined by the SAC) locations. | lithified sediment, igneous and metamorphic rock |
rock saw | variable | lithified sediment, igneous and metamorphic rock | |
*Note for plastic tube (5 and 10cc) sampling: A ridge on the inside wall of either size sample tubes may be used to orient the sample up-core, if desired. If either tube is pushed in twice always scrape off the bottom of the sample after pushing it in the first time. This removes any contamination, which is always found next to the liner. To get away from this problem simply do not push to the liner the first time. **Note for plastic scoop sampling: The leading edge of the scoop is set down at the interval to be sampled, oriented parallel to the length of the core. The outside, flat surface of the scoop should be facing away from the sampler. To take the sample, press straight down on the rounded handle of the scoop until it hits the bottom of the liner; then scoop it toward you until the leading edge clears the top of the liner. | |||
Table 8. Table types
LIMS Sample Types, Tests, Request Codes, and Request Numbers
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LIMS Type List (as defined in the LIMS database)
Type | Description |
BEAD | Bead-Bead pressed from a powder |
CAKE | Squeeze Cake-Solid fraction remaining after forced expulsion of interstitial fluids from a source sample; typically has the shape of a cylindrical disc |
Type | Description |
CFRC | Chemical Fraction-Parts of a parent sample separated chemically |
CLTR | Culture-Biological material cultured in geological material |
CORE | Core-Long cylindrical cores, or fist to sand-sized fractured pieces of such cores |
CUBE | Cube-equidimensional prism of material |
CUTS | Cuttings-Loose, coarse, unconsolidated material suspended in drilling fluid |
CYL | Cylinder-Cylinders of material |
GAS | Gas-Any gas |
HOLE | Hole-Spot on the ground below which material is drilled out. Origin sample for most of LIMS |
HRND | Half Round-Half-cylindrical products of along-axis split of a whole round. Cross-sectional radius is nominally equal to that of the parent whole round |
LIQ | Liquid-Any liquid |
MFRC | Mechanical Fraction-Parts of a parent sample separated mechanically |
OTHR | Any |
PC | Piece-Material occurring between unambiguous [as curated] breaks in recovery. (Curator note: basement/hard rock only) |
PWDR | Powder fine-grained (<62 micron), dry, granular material |
QRND | Quarter Round-Quarter-cylindrical products of along-axis split of a half round. Cross-sectional radius is nominally equal to that of the parent half round |
SECT | Section-Arbitrarily cut segments of a "core"; if the core is < length of a typical section it becomes a section without further sampling |
SHLF | Section Half-Half-cylindrical products of along-axis split of a section or its component fragments through a selected diameter. Cross-sectional radius is nominally equal to that of the parent whole round. |
SLAB | Rectangular prism of material where one dimension is significantly shorter than the others |
SP | Sub-Piece-Unambiguously mated portion of a larger piece noted for curatorial management of the material |
SPCM | Specimen-Material of any shape or form selected for specific characteristics of interest |
SS | Smear Slide-A toothpick sample suspended in liquid and fixed on slide |
Type | Description |
STS | Sedimentary Thin Section |
TPCK | Toothpick-Minute amount of material taken for observation |
TS | Thin Section. A sub-millimeter thick slice of material mounted on a glass slide |
TSB | Thin Section Billet |
UCHN | U Channel-Long rectangular prism of material |
WDGE | Wedge-Sample form factor named for the tool used to extract it. Typically 5-20ml in volume |
WRND | Whole Round-Cylindrical segments of core or core section material. Typically includes the core liner. |
Table 9. LIMS Type List
LIMS Test List
Type | Description |
BIO | Biostratigraphy, taken on catwalk from cuts between sections |
CARB | Carbonate analysis |
CELL | Abundance of microbial cells per cubic centimeter of sample based on SYBR Green 1 staining |
CHNS | CHNS Analysis |
CLU | Cluster |
CNTMASSVOL | Container: record mass + volume |
DIAT | Diatoms: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis |
DINO | Dinoflagellates: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis |
DML | Clay swelling tests for down-hole logging |
FORAM | Foraminifera: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis |
FORAMB | Benthic foraminifera: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis |
FORAMP | Planktonic foraminifera: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis |
H2 | Head-space method for determining dissolved hydrogen (H2) concentration in sediment plugs |
Type | Description |
HS | Analysis of headspace gases, taken on catwalk |
ICP | Inductively coupled plasma |
IW | Whole round for interstitial water, taken on catwalk |
LOI | Prepare sample for loss on ignition (LOI) analysis |
MADA | MAD analysis version A (no PYC) |
MADC | MAD analysis version C and D (PYC and MAD_MASS) |
MADD | Method D analysis (cube): CALIPER, MAD_MASS and PYC analyses |
MBIO | Whole round microbiology, taken on catwalk |
MSPH | To be filled in per curator |
NANNO | Nannofossil biostratigraphy |
NOTESTS | test list used for standard creation ONLY |
OSTRA | Ostracods: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis. |
PAL | From core catcher for biostratigraphic dating,taken on catwalk |
PALY | Palynology: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis. |
PFT | Analysis of PFT gas in headspace, taken on catwalk |
PMAG | Oriented sample taken for paleomagnetic analysis |
PP | Whole round taken for physical properties analysis, cut from whole rounds after MSTing |
RADS | Radiolarians: sample for paleo microfossil processing and analysis. |
RMS | Routine microbiology sample |
SCRAPE | Cut face scrapings from sections (used when material is especially critical, e.g. K/T boundary) |
SED | Sedimentology Routing Code |
SRA | routing code for the SRM |
STRX | Oriented samples taken for structural analysis |
TCH4 | Refined (more quantatative) method for total dissolved and adsorbed methane in sediment plugs |
TOC | Total organic carbon |
TS | Thin section slides, entered by Curator after TSB is made into thin section slide |
TSB | Thin section billet |
Type | Description |
VAC | Analysis of gas voids, taken on catwalk |
VP | P-wave velocity |
XRD | X-ray diffraction analysis |
XRF | X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF machine no longer on-board JOIDES Resolution) |
Table 10. LIMS Test List
Sampling Guidelines for Sediment
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Colored dots are used on d-tubes to indicate the following situations:
Dot Color | How to Interpret |
blue | entirely igneous or metamorphic section; blue color signifies no sponge |
red glow | critical intervals |
yellow | temporary dot used on ship to let photographer know that a close-up is being requested |
Other dots are used on the beach, at the repositories | |
purple | Permanent archive sections |
green | APC (referred to as HPC, Hydraulic Piston Corer) sections recovered during last years of DSDP |
green glow | “Geriatric cores” cores used in a core aging study (so-called “geriatric study”) back at the repositories |
white | no sponge - expanding core |
Also, yellow pre-printed IODP “caution” stickers in the end caps mark sections in which something unusual happened. In addition to the caution label, it’s always helpful to write a brief
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-Core shipments will be shipped to the appropriate repository depending upon the drilling location. Consult the Staff Scientist, Laboratory Officer, Curator or Logistics Coordinator if you are unsure. Below are the shipping addresses for the different repositories:
IMPORTANT ADDRESSES
Gulf Coast Repository (GCR) | Bremen Core Repository (BCR) | Kochi Core Center (KCC) |
Texas A&M University Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) C/O Panalpina 1000 Discovery Dr. College Station, TX 77845 USA | Universitat Bremen Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) MARUM University of Bremen Leobener Str 28359 Bremen Germany | Kochi University Kochi Core Center 200 Manobe-otsu Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502 Japan |
Contacts Phil Rumford GCR Superintendent rumford@iodp.tamu.edu Phone: (979) 845-5056 Fax: (979) 845-0876
Robert “Mitch” Mitchell IODP Logistics Coordinator (979) 845-2424 | Contact Walter Hale BCR Superintendent whale@uni-bremen.de Phone: 49-421-218-65566 Fax: 49-421-218-65565 | Contact Toshio Hisamitsu KCC Superintendent curator@jamstec.go.jp Phone: Fax: 088-864-0040 |
The location where the cores are stored depends on the geographic drilling site location. The figure below shows geographic locations of stored cores.
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A location sheet is a one page sheet of paper with a list of all pallets that will be shipped by freight code, abbreviated description and ship location. This is used by the oncoming crew to located and off-load all items for shipping. It will also provide an understanding of how a shipment is arranged. Such as which items are going in which container and on what flat rack. Below are brief examples
Surface Freight
SURF 001 | K-BOX | CASE |
SURF 002 | 30' KNOBBY | FWD RAK |
Foreign Air Freight
NRT1 001 | 4X Box | GYM |
NRT2 001 | P-box | GYM |
Suggested reading
Sample Distribution, Data Distribution, and Publications Policy (Adopted March 1999; revised 1 June 2001, 15 April 2002, 19 August 2002)
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