Curation

Before leaving home, ask the Curator to pass on electronic copies of all sample requests to Information Services for posting on the shipboard website. In the past, shipboard viewing of requests was done from http://ship2.tamu.edu/sciops/requests. No doubt, the web location will change. When you crossover with the off-going Curatorial Specialist, obtain the passwords for all accounts you’ll need access to during the cruise, including the Curator’s Network Login, Curator’s Email. You will be provided with your own password for

PURPOSE

The Curatorial Cookbook is a guide for the IODP Marine Curatorial Specialist sailing on the research vessel, the JOIDES Resolution. This guide is a starting point. Procedures should be modified as the need arises. The material included in the Curatorial Cookbook is drawn from a variety of sources including older versions of the Curatorial Cookbook, telexes and memos from the hardcopy Curatorial Reference File, the Core Lab Cookbook, the Shipboard Scientist’s Handbook, the Sample Distribution Policy and old CURLOG entries stored on the Curatorial Specialist’s computer hard drive.

PROCEDURES FOR REVISION

Curatorial Specialists are responsible for updating this cookbook on a leg-by-leg basis. Any additions or changes made during a leg should be incorporated into this document, highlighted, and included in the “Action Items” section of the leg’s Curatorial Notebook. An up-to-date copy of the cookbook should be maintained on the JOIDES Resolution as well as at each of the repositories.

The IODP Curator should be made aware of any changes before or immediately after they are first implemented. If you find yourself in a new situation, or one that has not been covered in the cookbook, do not hesitate to solve it in a way you deem appropriate. However, remember to DOCUMENT IT. Write it up for the cookbook so that the next time the situation arises, both you and the other Curatorial Specialist know what to do.

ORT CALL

Generally port call is a very hectic and confusing time as everyone becomes oriented and adjusted to the ship. As a marine specialist, in addition to your curatorial duties, your help may be needed when freight is loaded and unloaded. The Lab Officers, Assistant Lab Officers and the Marine Logistics Coordinator direct port call activities. Talk to them to see what your particular duties will be.

There are many beginning-of-the-cruise curatorial tasks that may be tackled either while in port or during the transit to the first site. You may wish to schedule your activities according to the time available but a good rule of thumb is "the earlier, the better." If your “To Do” list below is too long, and the port call too short, you can request the Lab Officer to excuse you from routine shipment handling so you can finish preparing for the first site (Figure 1, Curatorial Office.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 1 HERE]

CROSSOVER

You must crossover with your off-going counterpart, the Curatorial Specialist, during the port call. Together you should review the Curatorial Report from the previous cruise and address any residual problems/projects you may encounter on your cruise. Remember to review any significant changes to the Core Lab/Sampling Area, computer changes, and the Curatorial Cookbook. Obtain all passwords for the Curator’s Network Login, Curator’s Email, SAMPLE MASTER Shiptest, SAMPLE MASTER/JRS and JAVA Repsam and any new accounts that you will need to access. Most importantly, review handling of the off-going frozen sample, ambient sample, and core shipments with the off-going Curator.

CORE SHIPMENT

In your capacity as MLS Curator, you should take part in the off-loading of cores. Make sure that the core boxes are handled carefully. In consultation with the Assistant Laboratory Officer, you may choose to either direct unloading of the core refrigerators or to help with loading the containers on the dock. Be sure that the containers are loaded safely and properly, with no more than ten core boxes stacked on each other. Keep in mind that it is not necessary for the core boxes to be kept sequential during transit to the core repository.

One digital temperature/humidity dataloggers (Dickson Brand, without probe (Figure 2, Digital datalogger without probe for core shipments.jpg) should go in each refrigerated container. In addition, peel-off stick-on temperature indicators should be applied to a few core boxes located in the back, middle and front of the refrigerator container. Tape a “Core Box Inventory” to one of the core boxes nearest the door to the container. Make sure that any cores dropped or damaged before or during shipping are documented on the outside of the core box itself with IODP pre-printed “Caution” stickers.

[INSERT FIGURE 2 HERE]

FROZEN SHIPMENTS

These are the steps for packing frozen shipments, divided into tasks for the off-going and on-coming Curatorial Specialists.

Off-Going Curatorial Specialist Tasks

Provide the Assistant Lab Officer/ALO Storekeeper and Lab Officer with a list of names, addresses, and sample codes for all frozen shipments. As of August 2004, with the use of World Courier replenishing dry ice en route, use an estimate of 3 kg (11 lb) dry ice per cooler.

At a mutually agreeable time during the final transit, the Curatorial Specialist/ALO Storekeeper may team up to pre-weigh the frozen shipments. On that day, obtain a 5-day Igloo shipping container from the Hold Stores.

Working very quickly, wrap one Igloo’s worth of frozen samples (either regular frozen –20^oC or deep frozen –80^oC) in a plastic garbage bag. Do this to prevent contact between sample bags and the dry ice that will be added at a later time. The ice can rupture the bags causing cross-contamination of the samples. Tie a knot in the bag and wrap fiber tape around the knot. Clearly write the sample code on the fiber tape. Weigh the bag with the samples and put the labeled bag back in the freezer. Most tape (e.g. polyethylene, duct) used in the –80^oC doesn’t stick well so knotting of the garbage bags is a better way to contain the sample.

All frozen shipments must be accompanied by a digital temperature/humidity datalogger with probe. Dataloggers with probes are necessary on all frozen shipments because prior tests have shown that inserting a digital temperature/humidity monitor directly in the igloo with the dry ice causes the datalogger to stop working. To insert the probe, typically a hole is drilled into the top of the shipping container to allow the probe to sit above the dry ice (Figure 3 – Digital datalogger with probe for frozen shipments.jpg). The off-going Curatorial Specialist can do this task. The on-coming Curator can do set-up and activation of the datalogger just before the shipment is offloaded.

[INSERT FIGURE 3 HERE]

On-Coming Curatorial Specialist Tasks

As the oncoming Curator you will be responsible for the previous cruise's frozen shipment. Usually the Lab Officer or the IODP Logistics person will contact you to discuss the arrival time of the dry ice.

When the dry ice arrives, take the pre-weighed and bagged samples from the freezer and put them in the 5-day Igloo shipping container. Put a sheet of bubble wrap on top of the bagged samples. Leave the container 1/3 empty to allow for sufficient dry ice. During the final two years of the Ocean Drilling Program, frozen shipments were being re-iced in transit.

Wearing goggles and gloves, carefully break dry ice into large chunks using a heavy hammer. Place large chunks of dry ice on top of bubble wrap.

Obtain two temperature peel-off stick-on temperature indicators (one each L1 and 10L) from the Hold Freezer Stores. Stick the two monitors on the under the lid of the frozen shipping container above the samples. Place a temperature monitor instruction sheet in the 5-day Igloo shipping container. Activate the temperature indicators by pulling the tabs..

Insert the probe for the temperature/humidity dataglogger through the pre-drilled hole in the top of the 5-day Igloo. Attach the probe to the temperature/humidity datalogger. Velcro the datalogger to the outside of the Igloo. The Datalogger sample rate should be set-up to cover the entire transit time for the shipment the computer in the Curator’s office contains the Dickson software used to set-up and download data from the dataloggers.

Place a datalogger letter to the scientist (inside of a zip top freezer bag) in the cooler. The letter should instruct the scientist to send the datalogger to the Supervisor of Technical Support for downloading the temperature data.

Place an IODP shipping label and shipping papers on the outside of the container. Tape over the label and papers. Wrap filament tape around the cooler and the lid to keep it from opening.

Immediately after packing is complete, hand the shipment over to the Lab Officer/and or the Marine Logistics Coordinator who will turn it over to the agent

If there is a particularly large frozen shipment, it may be shipped to IODP/TAMU (or elsewhere), in a freezer container. In this case, samples should be packed in standard IODP cardboard sample boxes according to sample code. Make an inventory and keep a copy for yourself.

Dry ice needs special care in handling. Keep the following handling and storage protocols in mind:

Do not handle with bare hands; it can cause burns. Use heavy gloves, tongs or cloth.
Do not taste or put in mouth.
Do not place in tightly sealed container. Dry ice makes CO₂ gas as it sublimates. It may cause sealed container to explode.
Do not inhale. Work with dry ice in adequate ventilation; heavy CO₂ vapor may cause suffocation.

Short-term storage: wrap in brown paper in a heavy plastic bag, then in a towel.
Longer-term storage: place wrapped dry ice in cooler. Do not place in freezer or refrigerator!
Disposal: Unwrap and leave at room temperature in a well-ventilated area. It will sublimate from a solid state to a gas.

Physical and Chemical properties are:

Dry Ice: Carbon Dioxide, synonym: carbonic anhydride

Chemical Formula: CO_2,Chemical Family – Inorganic

Temperature: -78.5^oC (109.3^oF)
DOT Shipping Class: ORM-A UN-1845 Pkg. GROUP 111 Class 9

Non-Flammable Gas: UN2187

Physical Data

Property	Value
Molecular Weight	44.0004
Density Liquid	63.69 lb/ft³@ 0^oF
Density Gas	0.1234 lb/ft³@ 32^oF
Triple Point	-69^oF, 75.1 PSIA
Critical Temperature	87.8^oF
Critical Pressure	1066.3 PSIA
Critical Density	28.9855 lb/ft³
Latent Heat of Vaporization	122 BTU/lb @ 0^oF
Viscosity Gas	0.015 Centipoises @ 32^oF
Viscosity Liquid	0.14 Centipoises @ 0^oF
Solubility in H2O	1.79 ft³CO₂gas/ft³ H₂0 (32^oF)

REFRIGERATED SHIPMENTS

Off-Going Curatorial Specialist Tasks

Some samples require refrigeration immediately after collection and during shipment (e.g. microbiology, some chemistry, some porewaters, physical properties whole rounds). These are the steps for packing refrigerated shipments, divided into tasks for the off-going and on-coming Curatorial Specialist.

Provide the Assistant Lab Officer/ALO Storekeeper and Lab Officer with a list of names, addresses, and sample codes for all and refrigerated shipments.

At a mutually agreeable time during the final transit, the Curatorial Specialist/ALO Storekeeper may team up to pre-weigh the refrigerated shipments. On that day, obtain a 5-day Igloo shipping container from the Hold Stores.

Non-whole rounds - The smaller samples are typically boxed in standard IODP personal boxes (13”x18”x7”). The box is then put into a plastic bag inside of an Igloo cooler (preferably a 5-day cooler).
Porewater in glass ampoules – Porewater containing glass ampoules are packed in foam protectors and then put into a standard IODP personal box. The box is then put into a plastic bag inside of an Igloo cooler (preferably a 5-day cooler). Keep the samples in the box upright when packing.

Physical properties whole rounds - Onboard the ship the waxed (see On Site/In the Lab/Physical Properties section) whole rounds should be stored upright in a seawater-filled Igloo container in the core refrigerator. For shipping, the whole round require special packaging. Take the whole rounds out of the seawater and seal put into zip top bags with moist sponges. Stand them upright in an Igloo cooler (preferably a 5-day cooler). Surround them with plenty of packing material.

Weigh the cooler with the bagged box. Label the cooler the sample code. Put cooler in the core refrigerator until ready for shipment.

On-Coming Curatorial Specialist Tasks

As the oncoming Curator you will be responsible for the previous cruise's refrigerated shipment. Usually the Lab Officer or the IODP Logistics person will contact you to let you know when the shipment leaves the ship.

When ready to offload, put a sheet of bubble wrap on top of the bagged samples and add a generous amount of blue ice on top. During the final two years of the Ocean Drilling Program, refrigerated shipments were being re- blue iced in transit. Leave space for either a digital or analog temperature datalogger.

All refrigerated shipments must be accompanied by a digital or analog temperature datalogger. If using a digital temperature/humidity datalogger (see Figure 2), the sample rate should be set-up via the Dickson software on the Curator’s computer to cover the entire shipment transit time. If using a disposable strip temperature chart recorder (Figure 4 – Disposable temperature chart recorder for refrigerated shipments.jpg) no set-up is needed. The disposable recorders usually have a 20-day recording time.

[INSERT FIGURE 4 HERE]

Place a datalogger letter to the scientist (inside of a zip top freezer bag) in the cooler. For digital datalogger, the letter should instruct the scientist to send the datalogger to the Supervisor of Technical Support to download the temperature data. For disposable recorders, the letter tells the scientist to read the chart and notify the Supervisor of Technical Support if the shipment was not kept cool. The addition of peel-off stick-on temperature indicators applied to the underside of the cooler lit is always a wise precaution.

Place an IODP shipping label and shipping papers on the outside of the container. Tape over the label and papers. Wrap filament tape around the cooler and the lid to keep it from opening.

Immediately after packing is complete, hand the shipment over to the Lab Officer/and or the Marine Logistics Coordinator who will turn it over to the agent.

UNDER WAY/PRE-SITE

UNDERWAY GEOPHYSICAL WATCH

The Curatorial Specialist may be required to stand up to a three-hour watch in the geophysical lab each day the ship is in transit and streaming gear. The Lab Officer will schedule the watches and should provide training. If you are unsure about how things are done do not hesitate to ask the MLS Underway Geophysics for help. If your scheduled watch conflicts with the shipboard scientists' meeting, or some other important event, arrange to swap schedules with another specialist.

PRE-SITE PREPARATION

As soon as you get settled on the ship, ask the Staff Scientist for hard copies of any last minute sample requests which have been submitted by oncoming scientists and/or provide the Staff Scientist and Co-chiefs with last minute requests which they do not have. Remind those scientists who have yet to submit requests that they must do so before arriving at the first site. Find out the schedule for all science meetings concerning sample requests or sampling. You should be present for as many of these meetings as you can.

SAC MEETING

Request a meeting with Sample Allocation Committee (SAC, the Staff Scientist, two Co-Chiefs, shipboard Curator) before any scientist-involved sampling meetings take place. This meeting should help provide you with an overall impression of the sampling strategy that the Co-Chiefs have in mind. I also like to discuss sample requests. You may choose to discuss them all one by one, or just address the "problem" requests. I try to get as much ironed out as possible with them at this meeting.

FIRST SCIENTISTS MEETING

Use the first science meeting as an opportunity to introduce yourself, identify where the office is, and what office hours are. Mention briefly the current IODP sampling policy and the concept of permanent archives. Let them know that they will be asked to do sampling shifts and that the staff scientist will be in charge of making up the shifts. The first science meeting may also be a good time to talk about the general sampling strategy or you may want to save this discussion for the smaller sampling classes. Encourage everyone who has not submitted requests to do so before the first site.

ADDITIONAL SAMPLING MEETINGS

The SAC usually holds at least one meeting where we get all the groups (sedimentology, pore water, isotopes, biostratigraphy, structure, etc.) together to talk about their requests, any overlaps, or possible collaborations. On most cruises the scientists are asked to break into groups to further hash out their request. If one group has an inordinate number of conflicts, then usually the Staff Scientist/Co-Chiefs ask them to meet some more to hash things out and come back with a resolution. You can attend these meetings or talk to scientists individually asking them the nitty gritty curatorial details like “You want how many samples per core?” “What volume?”, “Until the Miocene?”, etc.. Some of these things have to wait until they have a better idea of lithology and sedimentation rates but try to get as much written down beforehand as you can. Also be sure to talk about the frequency of shipboard samples (IW, PP, PMAG, XRD, CARB).

BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD

After all the meetings and the one-on-one discussions with the scientists go back to the SAMPLE MASTER Curation, Sample Request Detail window for each request and make any changes or additions needed. Once this is completed you are ready to print out the first Site Sampling Plan.

Compile two duplicate copies of notebooks with sample requests. One is your copy, the other is for the scientific party during the first few science meetings when sample strategy is discussed. Arrange a meeting with the Staff Scientist and co-chiefs to discuss sample requests, conflicts, and the operational plan for the upcoming sites.

Be sure to address the status of requests submitted by shorebased participants. As soon as possible, the approval status of requests by shorebased investigators should be sent to the Curator on shore. The Curator will contact the investigators with their approval status.

SAMPLE SHIFTS

Have the Staff Scientist work out a sample shift schedule. Scientists usually work in pairs for two hours a day. This is especially important if you are expecting a good deal of shipboard sampling. Review the schedule for possible conflicts. For example, you can’t have two micropaleontologists on the same shift. Likewise, you might not want to have any sedimentologist working at the sample table during the major midnight and noon changeovers.

SAMPLE CLASSES FOR SCIENTISTS

In order to train a new crew of sampling assistants, you need to hold orientation sessions at the beginning of the cruise. As soon as possible, post a sign-up sheet for scientists to take sampling class. Taken into account the other classes being held when coming up with your class schedule. Each session should include 4-8 people, and last about a 1/2 hour or so.

CORE LAB ORIENTATION FOR SCIENTISTS AND NEW TECHNICIANS

Core Receiving Platform

[INSERT FIGURE 5 HERE]

Begin each sampling session with a catwalk/core lab tour (Figure 5 – Core Lab layout.jpg), in which core handling and flow are discussed (Figure 6 – Core receiving platform.jpg). Starting on the catwalk, you may discuss core-handling procedures of particular interest to the scientists: whole round sampling (especially for the chemists and physical property specialists); core catcher sampling (for the paleontologists) and the hydrocarbon monitoring procedures (for the chemists). You should also stress safety on and around the rig floor when core is being handled. At the core entry area discuss how the core data is entered into the database at the SAMPLE MASTER Corelog entry station.

[INSERT FIGURE 6 HERE]

Core Entry/Splitting Room

First introduce the core entry whiteboard (Figure 7 – Core entry whiteboard.jpg). Make sure the scientists are aware of the numbering & labeling scheme of the cores. If you are on a hard rock leg discuss the orientation and labeling of pieces within the core. You may want to have a separate meeting with just the structural geologists for this purpose. Scientists should also be briefed on the whole-core measurements performed in the Core Lab. They may also visit the splitting room to see how various types of cored material are split (Figure 8 – Splitting room.jpg). Discussion at the description table should cover the proper treatment of archive halves and the handling and storage of smear slides. At the end of the tour, you should bring them to the sample table to discuss sampling.

[INSERT FIGURE 7 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 8 HERE]

Sampling Table

At the sampling table, scientists should be introduced to the IODP curatorial sampling application: SAMPLE MASTER Sample. Allow them to enter and save data and print labels on the “SAMPLE MASTER Shiptest” (Figure 9 – Sample table.jpg). Discuss sampling tools, techniques, and volumes, the whiteboard, and review the Sample Distribution Policy.

[INSERT FIGURE 9 HERE]

Remind the scientists that no gold, platinum or other precious metal jewelry may be worn at either the sampling tables or anywhere else in the lab. This policy is to reduce the potential for Rare Earth Element contamination (e.g. Iridium content at the K/T boundary). Other topics to cover might include thin sections, re-sampling, labeling d-tubes, as well as your hours of availability. Ask them to be on time and to announce core that is ready for sampling over the PA system (e.g. Core 12 is on the sampling table, please come and select your samples). Be sure to mention that if a request requires flagged intervals, rather than assigned intervals, the investigator needs to designate a 'buddy' on the opposite shift to look after his or her interests. Ask the photographer/imaging specialist to meet with each sample session group to the whole core imaging, core photography and procedure for requesting close-up photos.

SET-UP AND SUPPLYING THE CORE LAB AND SAMPLING AREA

Before arriving at the first site, you need to be sure the sampling area is ready for the flurry of activity about to begin. In addition to restocking sampling supplies and gathering your sample tools, there are a few other tasks to take care of.

Label sample bins - Once sample codes have been assigned you can label sample bins with the corresponding sample codes.

Sample Code Flags/Dots on Meter Sticks - If it is a sediment leg you should print up about 50 sample flag labels for each code. You can print these yourself on using the manual feed on a laser printer onto sheets of file folder labels (e.g. Avery 5266) or you may want to ask each scientist to make his own set of flags by hand --but don't forget the shore-based requests. Place the coded flags in the flag tray constructed from 10cc sample tubes and stored in the Curatorial Supply Cabinet in the Core Lab. Set them on the sampling table or put them at the base of the white board. Sample Flags For the routine samples it’s a great help to everyone to put colored dots with sample codes and volumes right on the meter sticks.

Core Lab Supply Locations

Here is general list of core lab supplies with ship location. Please remember to check out all supplies on the checkout sheets located in each storage area.

DESCRIPTION TABLE SUPPLIES		LOCATION
10% HCl		CHEM LAB
Desk supplies: pens, rulers, etc…		HS
Glad Wrap cut into thirds (for AMST)		HRS
Glass sample vials with snap lids (16mL & 8mL)		LTS
Gloves (for those w/ jewelry)		LTS
Miscellaneous glassware		LTS
Mounting media (Norland Optical Adhesive)		HRS
Nalgene bottles		LTS
Smear slides, coverslips & labels		LTS
Toothpicks		LTS
GENERAL CORE LAB SUPPLIES		LOCATION
Kimwipes		GYM
Kleenex		GYM
Paper towels		GYM
PHOTO AREA SUPPLIES		LOCATION
Bucket (for foam sponges)		HS
Core box staples		HS
Core boxes		CASE
d-tubes		GYM
Filament tape		HRS
Foam sponges		HRS
Polyethylene tape		HRS
d-tube endcaps (red)		HRS
Permanent markers (red)		HS
Shrink wrap		HRS
Utility knives		HS
CORE RACK SUPPLIES AT SAMPLE TABLE		LOCATION
Bucket (for foam sponges)		HS
d-tube endcaps (black)		HRS
Permanent markers (black)		HS
Core box staples		HS
Core boxes		CASE
d-tubes		GYM
Filament tape		HRS
Foam sponges		HRS
Polyethylene tape		HRS
Utility knives		HS
SAMPLING TABLE SUPPLIES		LOCATION
10cc scoops		UTS
5 and 10 cc sample tubes		UTS
5-10cc ethafoam sample plugs		UTS
Ethafoam rods		HRS
Kapak bags		LTS
Pop-top vials		UTS
Sample bags		UTS
LOCATION KEY
HRS - HOLD REFRIGERATOR STORES	HS - HOLD STORES
LTS - LOWER TWEEN STORES	CASE - CASING HOLD
LTCS - LOWER TWEEN CHEM. STORE	GYM - CAGE IN GYM (LOWER TWEEN)
UTS - UPPER TWEEN STORES

Reference Tables

A number of reference tables are also useful at the sampling station. Of particular help to the samplers on watch is a list of length to volume conversions, a display of sampling tools, Sampling guidelines, and a summary of the Sample Distribution Policy. The sampling watch schedule and a list of sample codes/request names should also be posted for quick reference. A copy of all sample requests should be available for the scientists to review should there be sampling questions while you are not around.

Sample Table Supplies

You are responsible for keeping the sample table area sufficiently supplied during the leg (Figure 10 – Sample table supplies.jpg). Supplies can be obtained from Upper Tween, Lower Tween and Hold stores, Hold Refrigerator, and Casing Hold. Please remember to check out all supplies on the checkout sheets located in each storage area. Just above the core log entry computer station there is a list of supplies for the core lab and where they are stored. You should also make a point of trying to re-supply the area for the oncoming Curatorial Specialist at the end of your cruise.

[INSERT FIGURE 10 HERE]

The bins under the sample table should be stocked with:

5 and 10 cc sample tubes and scoops
5 and10cc foam plugs
pop top vials
sample bags
foam rods
other supplies as labeled

The core rack area and adjacent bins should be stocked with:

"Kapak" bags (for frozen/organic samples)
A bucket to hold foam sponges (under core rack)
black d-tube endcaps (in bins)
black permanent markers
core boxes
d-tubes
Ethafoam rod
filament tape
foam sponges
polyethylene tape
Sample Bags
Shrink Wrap
Utility knives
“Ziploc” bags

The curatorial supply cabinet, located aft of the sample table, beneath the rock saw should be stocked with:

stationary supplies
black ball point pens
permanent felt tip markers
"Avery" colored dot labels (for easy identification of igneous/metamorphic rock, critical boundary cores, critical material, dropped cores, & hard rock sampling parties; see Section on Core Storage System/Labeling D-Tubes).
sampling tools (spatulas, hammers, and chisels)
hard rock labeling supplies (including red grease pencils, epoxy, mixing sticks, Brady thermal adhesive labels & ribbons and glass scribes
Extra utility knives

Stock both the core entry and sampling stations computer stations bar code labels and ribbon.

Description Table Supplies

The Marine Laboratory Specialists working in the core lab (including the Curatorial Specialist) are jointly responsible for maintaining the description table supplies (Figure 11 – Description tables.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 6 HERE]

The core description area should be supplied with:

glass slides
toothpicks
mounting media (typically Norland Optical Adhesive (for ultraviolet curing), but sometimes Canada Balsam, Permount and Piccolyte)
coverslips
smear slide cases, smear slide labels
glass sample vials with snap lids
miscellaneous glassware
Visual Description Forms (the scientists will usually know which ones they need; if not, ask the Staff Scientist)
desk supplies, including pens, pencils, Liquid Paper, rulers, etc.
“Glad Wrap” cut into thirds for the AMST. Note: based on geochemical testing it was determined that “Glad Wrap” brand is the only IODP acceptable brand of plastic wrap that can come in contact with the surface of the cores.

Photo Table Supplies

The photo area (Figure 12 – Photo area.jpg) should be supplied with materials for storing and photographing core as well as:

box of sponges
bucket of sponges
“Caution” stickers
colored dot labels (to mark sections left out for color close-ups)
core boxes
d-tubes
filament tape
polyethylene tape
red d-tube endcaps
red ball point pens
red permanent markers
sponges
core box staples

[INSERT FIGURE 12]

Catwalk Supplies

The marine techs, including the Curatorial Specialist, are jointly responsible for maintaining the stock of catwalk supplies. These include:

4" stainless steel spatulas
acetone in red squirt bottles (with “acetone” label)
china markers for hard rock and marking liners on wet days
chisel and mallet for harder sediment and hard rock
clean, absorbent rags
clear, blue, and yellow end caps
cutters (for core liners) with good blades
hammer, hacksaw, plunger at core catcher bench
hearing protection (bin by catwalk entry door)
liner puncture tool
air drill to drill liner when recover gassy sediments
wooden meter sticks (cut to 149cm)
nitrile gloves, various sizes (bin by catwalk entry door)
permanent red and black markers
safety glasses (bin by catwalk entry door)

As Curatorial Specialist, you should be especially aware that these supplies must be clean. Meter sticks should be trimmed slightly short (149cm) to yield 150 cm core sections. Rusty tools should be cleaned or replaced -- a small amount of rust can ruin core material for paleomagnetics and geochemistry.

The chemistry specialists provide their own supplies for taking headspace and vacutainer samples. IW samples require no special supplies aside from yellow end-caps. You should work with the shipboard scientists to maintain the supply of equipment for any special catwalk sampling.

Installing a white board on the catwalk can be very helpful for the Marine Laboratory Specialists so that they know what type of catwalk samples will be taken and at what frequency. It is also helpful to make note of any special core handling procedures such as handling gassy cores, hydrates, etc. On cruises where only routine catwalk samples are taken, this information can be written directly on the white board in the core entry area.

SAMPLING PLANS

Pre-Cruise Sampling Plan

The Pre-Cruise Sampling Plan (PCSP) is typically a spreadsheet (Excel) that is assembled on shore by the Shorebased Curator and the Staff Scientist. Before leaving for sea, you should receive an electronic version of this document. A well-assembled PCSP will serve as your primary resource when putting together subsequent Site Sampling Plans for posting in the lab. In the early stages of the cruise, the PCSP is an ever-evolving document that can quickly change based on discussions that take place during the scientist’s sampling meetings. Make note of these changes for incorporating into your posted sample plans.

If you do not receive an electronic copy of this plan with your sample request package, ask the Staff Scientist for a copy (or email the Curator on shore). The PCSP format includes:

Request number and request part
Request name
Request status - new, approved, rejected, revised, deferred, decision deferred, decision pending
Sampling frequency
Whole round lengths
Sample volumes
Comments related to sample handling or placement

Here is an example of how part of a PCSP might look (Table 1 – PCSP.xls):

[INSERT Table 1]

Please take note, there is the option of producing a PCSP via a predefined Netscape query in the IODP web site (http://www-ODP.tamu.edu/Sample Masterweb/inhouse/requests.shtml, using select “Pre-Cruise Sampling Plan” as your preferred output) but this web report doesn’t have the same amount of detail that the PCSP spreadsheet that the Curator and Staff Scientist prepare pre-cruise.

Site Sampling Plans

On soft sediment cruises, in addition to the cruise sample plan, you might also want to prepare a

Site Sampling Plan (Table 2 – Site Sampling Plan.xls), which maps out the sample intervals or requested lithologies at a given site.

[INSERT Table 2]

The Site Sampling Plan serves as the basis for the plan posted on the whiteboard near the sampling table. Unlike the more formal PCSP (or the Final Cruise Sampling Plan (FCSP) see next section), it is for shipboard use only and is not returned to the Curator at the end of the cruise.

A number of variables, such as type of drilling, type of request, and purpose of request, should be considered when plotting the sample intervals on your sampling plan. The type of drilling determines the degree of disturbance in the core, constraining the amount of core usable by certain investigators. In hydraulic piston coring (APC), for example, the top 30-40 cm of the core is often disturbed, precluding this interval for paleomagnetic or physical properties sampling. Rotary or extended core barrel (XCB) drilling commonly yields disturbances and drilling artifacts, known as biscuits, which often are surrounded by churned up sediment, or slurry. In these types of cores, the ideal sample interval is a location of least disturbance, usually found in the more consolidated material.

When choosing sample intervals, remember that routine IW whole rounds normally eliminate some fraction of the core for sampling (usually the bottom 5-15cm of sections). Realizing this, there are a couple of other things to consider before plotting the remaining routine samples. First, check with the shipboard scientists to determine if any of the investigators want their samples at or near the same interval. Secondly, some investigators may be seeking high resolution across the core, and may require sampling intervals spread evenly throughout. A typical example would be fulfilling three nannofossil requests, each requiring 2 cc per section. Plotting these samples at or near the same interval would duplicate the results of the three investigators. Separating the samples at approximately equal distance across the section, say at 40 cm, 90 cm and 150cm might give the desired resolution. Similar interval selection may be appropriate for such routine samples as the inorganic carbon or other paleontology samples.

The plan should be circulated among the scientific party and Staff Scientist for comment or correction. Before arriving on site, the final plan should be simplified for posting on the whiteboard at the sample table.

The White Board

The posted white board plan (Table 3 – Whiteboard spreadsheet.xls and Figure 13 – Handwritten sample whiteboard.jpg) is the streamlined sampling guide for the scientific party during their individual two-hour sampling shifts.

[INSERT Table 3]

[INSERT Figure 13]

A few points to keep in mind when making the whiteboard plan are:

Emphasize that all written changes on the whiteboard should only be made by the Curatorial Specialist or Staff Scientist. If requested change is small (e.g. increase sample volume from 5cc in calcareous material to 10cc in siliceous material) then the request can be verbal. However, if the change is significant (e.g. unexpected occurrence of porcellanite leads investigator to request all such occurrences) then the investigator must submit a written statement to the Co-Chief Scientists for approval.

When the need arises, a second overflow whiteboard can be posted. This is useful for samples that need flagging (AKA “special picks”) which require more detailed information for the samplers, or when the sheer number of requests requires its use.

Ask that flagging requestors have representatives to choose samples for them on all shifts.

If you make any changes to the white board be sure they are very noticeable because people have a tendency to memorize the whiteboard and may not look too closely from day to day.

Special handling requests should also be noted on the whiteboard (e.g. Kapak bags for organic geochemistry, double bagging, refrigeration of samples).

When creating a whiteboard plan, divide the board into sections:

Routine Samples: Samples that the watch crew can take easily (e.g. assigned intervals at a constant volume).

Flagged Samples: This type of sample can range from anything that is lithology (calcareous vs. siliceous, organic rich, ash layers, contacts, etc.), structure (e.g. microfaults) or age dependent (e.g. Maastrichtian – Campanian). Long before the core is ever split everyone will know it’s age as determined from the analysis of the “PAL” core catcher sample by the paleontologists, it is sometimes helpful to note which core to start or stop at for samples that are age dependent.

Chemistry Lab Sampling Plan

Before reaching the first site, meet with the Marine Laboratory Specialists, Chemistry to discuss the sampling plan for the leg. Provide the chemistry techs with copies of each request associated with the chemistry lab and with a list of sample codes to be used in SAMPLE MASTER sample during the leg. (See section on assigning Chemistry Subsample Codes.)

Be sure the chemistry techs know how to use the SAMPLE MASTER Sample application, and help them if they have questions or problems.

Be sure the chemistry techs are aware of curatorial policies and procedures regarding IW whole rounds, archiving, hydrocarbon, and carbonate sampling. If downhole tools are expected to recover pore water, discuss the appropriate division of that water and assign sample codes. Most often, this discussion is a chance to learn how samples flow through the Chemistry lab. Chemistry techs and scientists who have sailed before will be able to suggest the most sensible procedures to the Curatorial Specialist and the scientific party. Keep in mind that you are responsible for ensuring that current curatorial policy is followed.

Meet with the chemistry technicians and scientists to discuss the chemistry sampling plan for the leg. Provide them with copies of each request associated with the Chemistry Lab and with Chemistry Lab Sampling Plan (Table 4 Chemistry Plan.xls), which includes all samples that will be taken in the chemistry lab and recorded by the chemists in SAMPLE MASTER Sample in that lab. Included in the chemistry lab plan, should be the proposed sample codes that you plan to assign to all requests recorded in SAMPLE MASTER Sample that lab. Have the chemistry technicians and the chemists double-check your list of codes to make sure there is nothing missing or there are no conflicts in code names.

[INSERT Table 4]

Final Cruise Sample Plan

The Final Cruise Sample Plan (FCSP) is the grand summary of all that took place with regard to sampling during a cruise. A copy of the FCSP should be sent in the Curatorial Notebook to the shorebased Curator. It also serves as official IODP post-leg duty where it appears as a chapter in the “Hole Summaries” publication that gets sent to all participating scientists. The Curator, Staff Scientist, Co-Chiefs, shipboard party and repository staff will refer to the FCSP in the Hole Summaries for at least a year after the cruise. Since this is not simply an in-house document, it is important that it be as accurate and as professionally prepared as possible.

These are the general guidelines to creating a FCSP.

Update all request information (including Request Detail) in SAMPLE MASTER Curation. Most of the data will already have been entered on shore by the Curator’s Administrative Assistant, but is useful to check the pre-entered data against the actual electronic (or hard copy) sample request. Refer to SAMPLE MASTER Curation, Corelog and Sample for Curators (an html guide) for details of data entry. Areas that need accuracy checks include:

Request Number and Part. Assigned by the Curator, the request number uniquely identifies each approved sample request. Should any new requests be submitted during the cruise, you need to telex back to shore with the name, purpose and sampling requirements of the request, to obtain a request number.

Sample Code. Assigned by the Curatorial Specialist, the code (up to six letters) is usually the first three letters of the investigator's last name. Include both the investigators' samples and all samples taken for routine shipboard analysis that were also checked out.

Type of Request. All requests received and processed during the leg are considered “Shipboard’, even if the request is from a shore-based participant.
Final Status:
1. Approved: XXX# number of samples actually taken during the cruise
2. No samples recovered (NSR)
3. Modified with caveats
4. Partially Deferred
5. Deferred: Deferred
6. Deferred to Post-Cruise Sample Party
7. Rejected: (Followed by a brief explanation OF why)**
8. Withdrawn
9. Decision pending

**Rejected requests should be included in the Action Items section of the Curatorial Notebook. Include a brief explanation of why the request was rejected so the IODP Curator can pass this information on to the principal scientist.

Request Name. Includes the names of all of the investigators requesting the samples. Unless otherwise indicated, the principal investigator is listed first and all correspondence and materials are sent to the principal investigator. The only exception is when someone other than the Principal Investigator is a member of the shipboard party. The Request Name should read as it appeared on the original Sample Request and the Final Cruise Sample Plan.

Shipping Address Used not only by curatorial personnel, but also by the ship's storekeeper and by Publications & Database groups. Included in the address are the full first and last names of the sample recipient, business address (with street if appropriate) as well as their phone, e-mail, and FAX. Updated address information will become available from the Yeoperson near the end of the cruise.

Purpose of Request This two- or three- line sentence describing the study is abstracted from the original sample request.

Site(s). Often investigators will list the sites they want samples from. If not provided with this information on the request form, you may want to ask them. Often investigators will want material from all sites, specifying only age or lithology. By the time the FCSP is finalized at the end of the cruise, all Pre-Site names should be replaced with their corresponding Actual Sites. The Pre-site/Site conversion should be listed on the first page of the FCSP.

Age/Depth Range/Lithology. This refers to the lithology and geological age of the requested material. This information may be gleaned form the sample request or by talking with the investigator on board.

Frequency. This refers to the frequency of sampling as requested. This information is usually modified by the shipboard party, to coordinate sampling efforts and objectives.

The volume of a sample measured in cubic centimeters.

Shape/Tool. What type of sample the investigator would like. Examples are: cubes, quarter rounds, mini-cores, half rounds and whole rounds.

Open http://www-odp.tamedu/Sample Masterweb/inhouse/requests.shtml with your web browser (ideally Netscape). Go to Preferred Output format and choose Final Cruise Sampling Plan. Click on Submit Request (Figure 14 - Final Cruise Sampling Plan data request form.jpg). The Final Cruise Sampling Plan should appear.

[INSERT Figure 14]

Go to File>Save As. Save as FCSP.htm, for example. Start MS Word and open FCSP.htm. Edit the document as needed. To get table columns to auto fit text, select table and control click on right side of table. Also, sometimes some cells in the table are two lines instead of one. Give three unbound hard copies to the Yeoperson and one electronic copy. An example follows.

Request Number: 17621A
Request Type: ShipShiSci
Request Status: Approved

Request Name: FREY/HUANG

Frederick A. Frey
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Ave
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
USA
Phone: (617) 253-2818
Fax: (617) 253-7102
Email: fafrey@mit.edu

Shichun Huang
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
USA
Email: shuang@mit.edu

Proposed Research
Huang and Frey desire to obtain a comprehensive geochemical data set for all igneous flow units at a subset of the sites. Our data set would include major and trace element abundances by XRF, trace element abundances by ICP-MS and INAA, and isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd and Pb determined by TIMS. We are aware that other shipboard scientists have similar capabilities/objectives; hence we would propose to study samples from one of the three proposed drilling groups; perhaps group 3 (we anticipate that assignment of specific sites to shipboard scientists will be sorted out by shipboard discussions after drilling is completed.) 10/12/01 UPDATE, (POST-SHIPBOARD PETROLOGY GROUP MEETING): Major and trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes for all basement units at one of the volcanoes.

SAMPLING PROGRAM
Leg	Precruise Sites	Site Num	Hole	Sample Code	Lithology	Depth/Interval	Frequency	Volume
197	Detroit	1203	all	FREY	basement	all	1-3 samp/igneous flow unit	50
197	Detroit	1204	all	FREY	basement	all	1-3 samp/igneous flow unit	50
197	Koko	1206	all	FREY	basement	all	1-3 samp/igneous flow unit	50

SAMPLE CODES AND SAMPLE COUNTS
Sample Code	Description	#Samples:
FREY	geochem (maj & trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes)	84

Total Number of Samples: 84

ON-SITE

CORE RECOVERY - CATWALK

With the call of the first "CORE ON DECK!" you assume your primary duties as Curatorial Specialist. During the cruise it is your responsibility to ensure that every core is handled according to IODP policy and procedure. Though the marine technicians generally receive, measure, section and cap the cores, your participation in catwalk activities will facilitate the proper handling and labeling of the cores, and keep you aware of unusual core conditions such as voids, poor recovery, or expansion.

ODP Core Naming

ODP has a specific naming convention for identifying cores, data and samples. All are named with the leg number, site number, hole letter, core number, core type, section number, which half (working or archive). Here is an example for a core: 203-1243B-6R-5

Core Types

The following is a list of all the valid core types and their associated code with the most commonly used in bold:

A	RAB-C, resistivity at the bit to log while coring
B	Bit Sample
C	Center Bit Recovery
D	Positive Displacement Coring Motor (PDCM) (Chikyu)
E	HRC or Hyacinth Rotary Corer recovered under in-situ
G	Ghost cores, re-drilled intervals
H	Originally referred to as Hydraulic Piston Coring now called Advanced Piston Core (APC)
M	Miscellaneous
N	Originally called Navi-Drill Core Barrel (NCB), now replaced by MDCB (Motor Driven Core Barrel)
P	Pressure Coring System (PCS) or Pressure Core Barrel (PCB)
R	Rotary Core Barrel (RCB)
S	Side Wall Sample
V	Vibra Percussive Corer (VPC), not a viable coring system anymore
W	Wash Core Sample
X	Extended Core Barrel (XCB)
Y	FPC or Fugro Pressure Corer recovered under in-situ pressure
Z	Originally called Diamond Coring System (DCS) now replaced by ADCB (Advanced Diamond Core Barrel)

CORE HANDLING

After the liner is removed from the core barrel (Figure 15 – Removing core from core barrel.jpg), it is placed on the catwalk holders (working side up), where it is temporarily capped at either end to keep sediment from falling out during the initial handling stages. Full core barrels are usually 9.5 meters long, yield six 150 cm sections, a shorter seventh section, and a core catcher. Recovery of material in length to the cored interval is considered full, or 100% recovery. However, the length of the recovered material may differ from the length of the cored interval. Recovery less than the cored interval may occur for a variety of reasons. Apparent recovery greater than the cored interval may also occur, typically a result of gaseous expansion of the sediment.

[INSERT FIGURE 15 HERE]

Cores taken from a hole are numbered serially from the top of the hole downward. When full recovery is obtained, the core sections are numbered 1 through 7, the last section being shorter than 1.5 meters. For sediments, the core catcher sample is extruded into a short piece of plastic liner and is treated as a separate section below the last core section. For hard rock, material recovered in the core catcher is included at the bottom of the last section.

When sediment recovery is less than 100%, whether or not the recovered material is contiguous, the recovered sediment is placed at the top of the cored interval and then 1.5 meter sections are numbered serially, starting with section 1 at the top. Sections are cut starting at the top of the recovered sediment and the last section may be shorter than the normal 1.5 meter length (Figure 16 – Core recovery.gif)

[INSERT Figure 16]

The Curator and techs measure and mark the ends of each section, labeling each with core, core type and section number and an arrow pointing 'up'. At the section breaks, they cut the liner with a circular cutting tool and part the contained sediment with a spatula. If the material is well lithified a hacksaw or hammer and chisel is used to section the core. After separating into sections, whole round (AKA catwalk samples, see next section) samples are taken. After the whole round and headspace samples are removed from the catwalk, the rest of the core may be capped and glued with acetone. Blue endcaps are placed at the top of each section, clear endcaps at the bottom, and yellow endcaps at the end of any section from which a whole round sample was taken. Once labeled, sectioned and capped, the core is ready to be brought into the Core Lab for processing.

SPECIAL CORE HANDLING

Soupy Cores

Cores from the top of a hole, in particular the first few cores, tend to be soupy. A special tool was developed on Leg 144 to drain some of the water out of soupy cores, and enhance biogenic resolution within the cores. The tool, called a piglet, is a cylindrical, green-scrubby-containing, O-ring-covered object that fits nicely into the core liner. When the core barrel first comes up on deck the core tech on the drill floor should drop the piggy into the top of the barrel. The disposable, green scrubby-thing inside the tool will strain the upper layer of soupy sediment as the piggy falls gently to the water/sediment boundary. When the barrel is laid out on the rig floor the water will flow out the top of the barrel, leaving behind a core of somewhat better consistency than before. The piglet is then cut out of the liner with a core cutter. The scrubby should be removed and replaced, and the piggy return to the Rig Floor so that it can be used again. Currently, at the start of IODP, no such tool exists but can easily be fabricated if requested you ask the Core Tech.

Voids

Cores may contain void spaces, typically because of gas expansion. If voids are forming because of gas expansion, first allow the Chemistry Lab Specialist to take a vacutainer sample, then puncture the liner along the cut-line between sections and with the air powered drill to vent the gas. Close the voids as needed. Closing up voids can be done in two ways: a) the preferred method is, while the core is still in whole round, cut the void liner sections out. Empty sections need not be preserved. b) While the core is still in whole round, punch a hole in the liner at the void and push the pieces of sediment together with a plunger stick, making sure that the core does not start to compact.

Closing a void should only be done when it can be accomplished without harming the core. In such a case, simply cut the void liner section out or gently push the pieces back together after the core has been split. Note that if the science party is planning to use composite depths on double or triple APC holes, all unclosed voids greater than 5cm should be recorded in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog via the Core Subsections window (see “Logical Subsections” in the SAMPLE MASTER Curation, Corelog and Sample for Curators). Remember you must re-run depths after void information is recorded in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog.

If you know that a void is caused by a gas hydrate (gas hydrates are ice like solids in which water molecules trap gas molecules in a cage like structure known as a clathrate) or possibly a washed out sand layer, it should not be closed.

Closing of voids in lithified sediments and in igneous and metamorphic rocks is done routinely and does not have to be noted in the SAMPLE MASTER Core Application.

Expansion

If there is evidence that core sediment is expanding on the catwalk, puncture the length of the liner around the cut-line using the air powered drill (Figure 17 – Drilling holes in liner.jpg). Allow the core to de-gas. Be sure that the drill holes are not made in a straight line. In a situation where cores are explosively gassy this may deteriorate the integrity of the liner. The liner may crack or even shatter explosively along these lines. As always, be sure everyone is wearing safety glasses when handling expanding cores (Figure 18 – Face mask with mud).

[INSERT FIGURE 17 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 18 HERE]

Delay measuring and cutting the core into sections as long as possible. The length of time that you allow the core to sit depends on the gas content and the core recovery rate. Allowing as much "resting" time as possible eliminates having to handle excess material that expands beyond the cut section lengths. Measure out, and cut the sections only after the core has degassed. Additionally, you can slit or puncture the end caps of the sections once they are racked to relieve pressure or delay putting end-caps on until the core is ready to be split.

If these steps are not possible because of catwalk sampling, or if the core continues expanding, then sections may also be cut shorter than the standard 150 cm length (140 cm should be sufficient). Attach pre-made ~15cm liner patch extenders with pre-acetoned endcaps to the bottom or top of the liner to accommodate the excess sediment, creating a 150cm or less section length. Note: the end cap may be fastened securely to the INSIDE of the liner patch with the aid of a small slit in the side of the endcap. Handling expanding core in this way eliminates ending up with over-sized sections. Keeping the patch on loosely without acetone until the sections are ready to be split is also a good idea in case more expansion needs to occur. When ready to split, the patch can be permanently acetoned and sonic welded in place. A final curated length may need to be entered into Corelog if necessary.

If, after the core is curated on the catwalk, the Core Tech brings you a piece of cored sediment found in the pipe, find out its location in the pipe, create a new section and make the appropriate changes in Corelog and on the white board. Be sure to notify the rig floor of the new recovery number.

If the sediment does not expand on the catwalk but does so after the core is brought into the Core Lab or after splitting do the following:

Acetone or weld a liner patch to the split core at either end of the section. The end cap may be fastened securely to the INSIDE of the liner patch with the aid of a small slit in the side of the endcap. The cap can be acetoned and sonic welded on. Be sure to change the curated length of that section in the core application

Since d-tubes can only contain a section of up to 155cm, further expansion of the core will have to be dealt with by the creation of additional sections or of sub-sections. In the case of sub-sections, the afflicted section should be divided into two smaller sections of roughly 75-80cm. Label the sub-sections A and B. Number them as one section. The curated length in Corelog will be the sum of the two lengths. The sub-sections should be stored in separate d-tubes. The number of sections created should match in both the archive and working halves.

If sediment oozes out of the top of a core before it is cut into sections on the catwalk, section 1 should begin at the top of this overflow material.

Finally, do not place sponges in d-tubes containing sections which contain swelling clays. This prevents swelling during transport to the repository. Place a “caution” sticker on the endcap of expanding cores marked with the words “expanding”.

Desiccation

Some recovered shales begin to disintegrate as they dry. To slow the process while the cores are being described, ask the scientists to keep them covered with Glad Wrap while they are sitting on the description table (and not being used). When they are ready to put in d-tubes, it’s always helpful if they are shrink-wrapped. Ethafoam sponges can be placed in the bottom of the d-tube. This appears to reduce the problems of cracks and other signs of deterioration. These cores should also be kept out of strong, direct light since this will hasten the drying process.

Split Liners

Cores are often recovered with split, shattered or crushed liners (Figure 19 – Discarded shattered liners.jpg). Depending upon the severity of the damage, the liner may need to be taped, liner patched or material may need to be transferred to another liner. In anticipation of this situation, Marine Specialists can prepare a supply of split and capped liners to use when whole sections need to be removed from damaged liner and transferred.

[INSERT FIGURE 19 HERE]

Patching or transferring material is done after sectioning, and should preserve the original orientation of the whole round core. Use great care when extracting cores from damaged liners because they are very sharp.

If liner patch is used to repair a damaged liner, it should be cut to just short of the liner's end, to allow an endcap fit on. Patch may be secured in place with acetone or with the sonic welder. Remember that cores fitted with liner patch cannot be run through the MST, so you may want to try another method. Keep in mind also that shattered liner cores are generally not too desirable for whole core measurements, so it’s not a bad idea to let the Physical Properties scientist know your intentions to liner patch the core. They may not want to run the core anyway.

After the damaged liner is repaired, it may be labeled and engraved in the usual manner. Remember to put “Caution” stickers on damaged cores with an explanation of what happened. Make note of these cores in Corelog via Core Comments or Section Comments (see the SAMPLE MASTER Curation, Corelog and Sample for Curators).

Critical Intervals

Critical intervals are handled and sampled following special guidelines. Falling into the category of critical intervals are important stratigraphic boundaries, structural phenomena, key macrofossils, rare volcanic glass, etc.. Specific examples are as follows:

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (K/T boundary)
Paleocene/Maastrichtian
Eocene Impact (NP21)
volcanic glass
Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE)
Mediterranean Messinian/Tortonian boundary
Oligocene/Miocene
Eocene/Oligocene boundary
Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (LPTM also called the PETM)
sediment/basement interface
salt cores
macrofossils
sulfides
sapropels
evaporites (anhydrites, halite, gypsum)
soil horizons

The Co-chiefs may define additional critical materials as needed. If an interval is deemed 'critical', it is prudent to exclude all personal sampling 3 meters above and below its boundaries. Selected shipboard sampling, as approved by the Co-Chiefs, should take place to define the nature and limits of the interval. Sampling of the critical interval can either take place later in the cruise or may be deferred to shore to allow sufficient time for investigators to assess their sampling needs, and to work out cooperative studies to maximize the science gained from this unusual material. For additional information about critical intervals, see the IODP Sample Distribution Policy.

Hydrogen Sulfide Containing Cores

Low levels of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas may be encountered in cores in which microbial sulfate reduction is occurring or in cores from hydrothermal vent areas in which seawater sulfate has reacted with high-temperature intrusions. H₂S is a highly reactive (and toxic) gas, which is normally maintained at negligible concentrations by rapid reaction with iron or other metals present in the sediment.

In some cases, such as iron-deficient carbonate sediments and where gas hydrates or sulfate-rich brines are present, H₂S concentrations may be sufficient to cause a toxic gas breathing hazard, especially when cores are being handled in confined or poorly ventilated areas. If you smell H₂S gas, alert the Lab Officer or Assistant Lab Officer. He/she will ask you to monitor the cores with the handheld “Packrat” H₂S gas detectors (Figure 20 - Packrat monitor.jpg). The drill crew on the rig floor should also be measuring the gas with the packrats.

[INSERT FIGURE 20 HERE]

The JOIDES Resolution is equipped with permanently mounted H₂S sensors on the rig floor, the core-receiving platform, and in the interior core-handling areas. H₂S levels of 10-20 ppm should activate audible and visual alarms on these large monitors and bring about an H₂S alert. H₂S odor is apparent at levels below those detectable by sensors or analytical instruments. If H₂S presence is suspected, the hydrocarbon monitoring techniques should include analysis by thermal conductivity detector gas chromatography (NGA) to provide information on concentration levels and any trends of H₂S occurrence in cores.

Operating Procedure in Core Lab for H₂S Alert

Official procedures for responding to an H₂S alert are fully described in ODP Technical Note 19, revised in 2002, the H₂S Drilling Contingency Plan (Foss and Julson, 1993). Here is a brief summary from a curatorial standpoint: After receiving a core on the catwalk, the first section cut should be monitored with the handheld “Packrat” detector (Figure 20). If the H₂S level is over 10ppm all core-handling personnel (microbiologists and geochemists included) should put on self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA, Figure 21 – H2S core handling.jpg and Figure 22 – Drill crew with SCBAs.jpg) , Non-essential personnel should stay clear of the catwalk. If time permits, the core should de-gas on the core holder on the catwalk for a period (~20-30 mins) before capping and scribing. When the core is ready to section, turn on the large hanging catwalk fan to disperse the gas as cuts are made. The outside core rack should be set up on the aft end of the catwalk so the cores are downwind of the living quarters as they de-gas. All scribing should be done outside. Core should remain outside until splitting takes place.

[INSERT FIGURE 21 HERE]

INSERT FIGURE 22 HERE]

When a core is ready split, the Marine Specialist should don a SCBA in the splitting room (Figure 23 – H₂S core splitting.jpg), cut the section and immediately place it under a split piece of rubber ducting (1.5m long) that feeds into the H₂S suction system. Letting the core sit under the ducting for about 10 minutes should yield acceptable H₂S readings. The core can then be safely given to the scientists in the lab.

[INSERT Figure 23 HERE]

The fact that cores with H₂S are stored in an unventilated and confined space in the refrigerator can make for a potentially dangerous situation. Be sure that the H₂S monitor are working properly whenever operating under an H₂S alert. If you have any concerns, bring them the attention of the Lab Officer as soon as possible.

Slowing Oxidation in Sulfide-Rich Cores

Rinse each section (working and archive) with alcohol. This is to dry the core of all waters. Allow a few hours to pass for the interstitial water to evaporate.

Place the section in shrink tubing flushed with nitrogen.

Place the wrapped section in a silver tri-laminate Kapak foil tubes. These bags have a polyethylene inner layer and a polyester outer layer.

Place desiccant in with section (note: the need for prepackaged desiccant should be identified by the Staff Scientist or shorebased Curator pre-cruise and ordered).

Purge Kapak foil tube with nitrogen gas to expel all oxygen.

Evacuate the tube and heat seal with a high-temperature hand held heat sealer.

Place in cold storage immediately.

The bag should be an extra 5-10cm longer than the section so that it may be sealed at the outer edge, re-opened and re-sealed again several times without bag replacement.

Handling Radium-Bearing Rocks

The Staff Scientist, Curator and Lab Officer should be aware pre-cruise that there is a possibility of recovering radioactive samples, especially if drilling in hydrothermal vent areas is planned. Proper handling procedures should be discussed and necessary precautions should be in place before actually recovering this type of material. If you have any concerns about preparedness after reading the Scientific Prospectus, contact the Staff Scientist, Curator and/or Lab Officer with your concerns. The following is from an inter-office memo dated 16 July 1991 from Tim Francis who was Deputy Director of ODP at the time:

The USGS has conducted a safety study, examining the radioactivity of barite samples from seafloor hydrothermal vents. They have proposed the following procedure for handling possible radioactive materials:

Identify the samples that contain the radioactive material. To do this you will have to acquire an appropriate survey instrument.

All samples identified as being radioactive should be sealed in plastic bags and marked with "Caution! Radioactive Materials". During this operation, personnel should wear plastic or rubber gloves.

These samples should be kept separate from other samples to avoid contaminating non-radioactive samples.

The entrance to the laboratory should be posted, "Caution! Radioactive Materials--No Eating, Smoking, or Drinking Allowed--Wash Hands Before Leaving".

Before any work is to be done with these samples, they should first be opened in a well-ventilated area such as a hood to allow built up radon to escape. Samples should only be manipulated remotely, i.e. gloves & tongs.

Any operation that requires cutting or grinding of these samples should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. All cutting operations should be conducted in water to ensure that no dust is generated from the material. Wash the sampling area down carefully after handling the cores. On the beach, any wastewater generated from these activities must be disposed of in accordance with NRC requirements for radioactive waste.

Sonic Core Monitor/Hard Rock Orientation

The sonic core monitor (SCuM) is used in conjunction with the tensor tool to provide a means of orienting hard rock cores. Three sharp edges built in to the core catcher scribe lines along the pieces long enough to be oriented in the core. These three planes of orientation are similar to the orientation used on IODP liners. For curation purposes the middle orientation line corresponds to the single line along the archive half of the liner. Please be sure to let the structural geologists on duty know that the major scribe line must be in the archive half of the core and oriented perpendicular to the cut face. Cores should be photographed as whole rounds for archival/demonstration purposes before they are split.

The SCuM was not in use during the last few years of ODP due to difficulties in obtaining accurate results but is scheduled for resurrection in Phase II of IODP.

CATWALK SAMPLING OF WHOLE ROUNDS

In addition to the usual hard rock/soft rock sample requests, biologists and chemists will take real-time samples on the catwalk. Because most of these analyses are sensitive to the geochemical nature of the material it is important to keep the catwalk area acetone-free until the shipboard scientists have finished taking their samples. All samples taken on the catwalk should be entered into SAMPLE MASTER.

Paleo Samples (PAL)

(PAL=paleontology) A small amount of core-catcher material is removed immediately and taken to the paleontology lab for age determination. Generally a 5cm whole round is sufficient, but in unfossiliferous material a greater volume may be required. This sample typically comes from the bottom of the core catcher but scientists may request the more suitable material from the tope or middle of the core catcher. Most of the time, the paleontologists consume the material given to them but any residues may be checked out by the scientific party or returned to the Repository.

After the PAL sample is taken, the core catcher is placed in plastic liner, capped and glued with acetone, and labeled with black marker. The location of the PAL sample is marked on the outside of the liner with permanent marker. Back in the lab, this sample should be recorded as a sample code PAL in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog. After splitting the CC, an ethafoam spacer marked with “PAL” is inserted into the void (Figure 24 – Paleo spacer in split core.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 24 HERE]

Head Space/Gas Analyses (HS, VAC)

The Shipboard Chemist or Chemistry Technician will take at least one 5cc sample for analysis of hydrocarbon composition and concentration. These include a sediment sample for headspace gas analysis (HS) and, if present, free gas samples (VAC or Vacutainer Samples). These samples are immediately analyzed to determine if it is safe to continue drilling.

Headspace samples are taken from the top or bottom of a freshly cut section, depending on the condition and lithology of the core, usually adjacent to the interstitial water whole round sample (Figure 25 – Headspace gas sampling.jpg). The pencil-size cylinder used for headspace sampling removes material from the working side of the core. In the case of lithified sediments, scrapings or chips are taken. These samples are entered by the Curator via SAMPLE MASTER Corelog as sample code HS. It is also ok if the Chemistry Tech prefers to enter the sample in from the Chemistry Lab sample station.

[INSERT FIGURE 25 HERE]

When gassy voids are present, the chemist may need to take free gas samples using a puncture tool and a vacutainer (Figure 26 – Free gas sampling with vacutainer.jpg). Shipboard scientists may take as many vacutainer gas samples as desired for immediate or later analysis. No documentation is required, however the location of each sample can be entered in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog as sample code VAC.

[INSERT FIGURE 26 HERE]

Headspace samples taken solely for a scientist to remove from the ship for later analysis should be given a sample code and noted in the sample request.

Interstitial Water Samples (IW)

Interstitial waters for geochemical analysis samples are generated from the whole round samples removed on the catwalk (Figure 27 – Cutting an IW sample.jpg). In less consolidated sediments at the top of a borehole, IW samples are generally 5cm long (176cc). The size of the sample may be increased as the sediment becomes more lithified with depth. The Curator and the Chemistry Techs work together to come up with an IW sampling plan that best meets the needs of the shipboard party. Depending on the preference of the Curator and Chemistry Techs, the IW sample may be recorded at the core entry computer via SAMPLE MASTER Corelog or in the chemistry lab by the Chemistry Tech via SAMPLE MASTER Sample.

[INSERT FIGURE 27 HERE]

When core recovery is less than about two sections, whole round sampling is often suspended. However, there is no official policy limiting the amount of whole-round sampling when recovery is low. The unofficial policy is that the co-chiefs, staff scientist, and the Curator define appropriate limits on whole round sampling to safeguard the scientific interests of the cruise. Marine Laboratory Specialists should always get the Curator’s (or his/her representative’s) OK before cutting IW samples.

After the whole round samples are removed from the catwalk, the rest of the core may be capped and glued with acetone. Blue endcaps are placed at the top of each section, clear endcaps at the bottom, and yellow endcaps at the end of any section from which a whole round sample was taken. Once labeled, sectioned and capped, the core is ready to be brought into the Core Lab for processing.

Meanwhile, down in the chemistry lab, the Chemistry Techs set to work squeezing the IW whole rounds to collect interstitial water (Figure 28 – Carver press for squeezing interstial water.jpg). Before squeezing they trim the contaminated outer layer of sediment from the whole round. Water derived from the whole round is used for shipboard analyses and sample requests. While there is no official limit on the amount of water that can be given to an investigator, most studies can manage with 10ml or less. Water not apportioned for shipboard analyses or sample requests is archived in sealed glass ampoules (IWG) or plastic tubing (IWP). Water remaining after the shipboard alkalinity analysis is also archived (IWPA). The squeeze cake (IWS), retrieved from the press when the squeezing is over, is also preserved, often divided among the chemists as part of their sample request. The Chemistry Technicians sort and label the IW subsamples, and enter the appropriate data into SAMPLE MASTER at the sampling station located in their lab.

[INSERT FIGURE 28 HERE]

IN THE LAB

Inside the Core Lab, the marine technicians scribe the working (double line) and archive (single line) side of the liners with the standard IODP identifier, "LEG-SITE-HOLE-CORE-CORETYPE-SECTION" (e.g. 180-1108A-1H-1, W) along with an 'up' arrow. This ensures that each section is permanently and uniquely distinguished. The engraving should be as clear as possible (Figure 29 – Scribing a liner.jpg). The blue endcaps of each section should be marked with the core, coretype and section number (Figure 30 – How to label a liner.ai).

[INSERT FIGURE 29]

[INSERT FIGURE 30]

The Curator or techs then enter the pertinent data into SAMPLE MASTER Corelog (refer to the SAMPLE MASTER Curation, Corelog and Sample for Curators for detailed instructions). Corelog generates the bar coded labels for each section. Use Netscape or Internet Explorer to print four hardcopy printouts of the Core Tracking Report (Figure 31 – Example of a Core Tracking Report.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 31 HERE]

One copy of the report is left in the Yeoperson’s box next to the left of the SAMPLE MASTER Corelog entry station computer. Other copies of the Core Tracking Report, a useful reference while sampling and boxing cores, are brought to the sampling station, the photo table and the core description table. Three sets of labels (archive and working) are printed, one for the core liner, one for the d-tube and one for d-tube cap. A fourth set of archive labels is printed for use with the Digital Imaging System (DIS). The number of copies of reports and labels needed for the lab is not written in stone and depends on the needs of the technical staff, the scientists and the Curator. Flexibility is the key.

Once properly marked and recorded, the sections are left in the rack to equilibrate to room temperature before they are measured on the Multi-Sensor Track (MST, Figure 32 – Multi-Sensor Track.jpg) and measured for thermal conductivity (Figure 33 – Thermal Conductivity measurement.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 32 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 33 HERE]

Physical Properties Whole Rounds

If physical properties whole round samples are requested, the scientist chooses them after the core is run through the MST. PP whole rounds are generally 10-15cm in length. The Curator or Physical Properties tech will cut the whole round on the catwalk and then seal the samples in wax as soon as possible. Here’s how to wax:

To produce a wax with the right consistency for sealing physical properties whole rounds, mix 5 parts beeswax with 1 part paraffin in a large crock-pot. Add a small amount of Vaseline to the mixture until it reaches a tar-like consistency. When dipping the sample in the wax, care should be taken to ensure that the wax does not obliterate the sample's identification. It helps to secure the label with polyethylene tape before immersing it in wax. Watch your fingers! Record the sample via SAMPLE MASTER Corelog and print labels and new tracking sheets. After waxing take sample to core refrigerator and store upright in a salt-water filled Igloo cooler.

Splitting Core

After whole round measurements have been made, the sections are transferred to the splitting room. They are split longitudinally from the bottom of the section to the top on the core splitter with either the wire (for soft sediments) or the supersaw (for lithified material) along an axis halfway between the double line and the opposing single line scribed on the liner (Figure 8). The wire may need to be dragged a second time through extra soft or sticky cores--or use the cheese cutter that is stored in the drawer beneath the splitting table. Soft and lithified sediment core splitting is done from stratigraphic bottom to stratigraphic top direction to prevent downward contamination. Biostratigraphic ages are based on the youngest fossils present in a sample. If the core is split from top to bottom, younger fossils could move downward to contaminate older age material.

Note that the lithified cores split with the supersaw have melted plastic that accumulates on the edges of the section. Cut the sharp plastic off for safe handling and for good quality photographs and digital images. Supersawed sections are gently rinsed to remove the cutting slurry before leaving the splitting room.

Archive Half

The archive half is placed on the description table in the Core Lab. The sedimentologists describe the core in detail, making smear slides to examine under the microscope. The sedimentologists also run the sections through the Digital Imaging System (DIS, Figure 34 – Digital Imaging Sytstem.jpg) and Archive Multi-sensor Track (AMST, Figure 35 - Archive Multi-Sensor Track.jpg). The Paleomagnetists will pick up archive halves, one at a time, to run through the Cryogenic Magnetometer. After the cores have been described and run through the Cryomag the archive half is placed on the photo table.

[INSERT FIGURE 34 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 35 HERE]

The Marine Laboratory Specialists photograph the whole core with color and black and white film but the Curatorial Specialist is always welcome to help if the lab is very busy (Figure 36 – Whole core photography.gif). The Core Tracking Report should be looked at before taking any core photo to double check section lengths and cored interval. Place whole round spacers with identifying codes (e.g. PAL, IW, PPWR, VOID) of the proper length in all of the core photos.

[INSERT FIGURE 36 HERE]

After whole core photography, the archive halves are placed in d-tubes and put in the archive core rack. The techs will check the close-up photo request sheet to see if a close-up has been requested for that core. Sections with close-up requests will be marked with a yellow dot on the endcap. The section stays in the lab until the photographer completes all close-ups. When you are sure the scientists are finished with all descriptions (including structural descriptions with often lag behind lithology descriptions) and with viewing the images from the DIS, you can give the ok to box the cores (see section on Core Storage System). Finally, it’s always a good idea to check with the Staff Scientist before boxing

Working Half

The working half sections are taken one by one to the auxiliary sample table (next to Phys Props) where physical properties measurements (Figure 37 – Sonic velocity and shear strength measurements.jpg) are made and the Phys Props scientists take samples (Figure38 – Sampling for index properties.jpg and Figure 39 – Index properties beakers.jpg). Once Phys Props is done, the sections are transferred to the sampling table where a rotating team of scientists takes samples for the shipboard party. Once the core is sampled, the scientists will put the cores in d-tubes in the working half rack. It’s a good idea to stay ahead of the scientists by preparing a few cores worth of d-tubes in advance. The Curator supervises sampling activities during his/her shift, but during off-hours, it’s very helpful to have one or two experienced techs (preferably the Assistant Lab Officer) to check on things at the sample table.

[INSERT FIGURE 37 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 38 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 39 HERE]

SAMPLING GUIDELINES

Before describing in detail sampling procedures and techniques here are a few reference tables to get you started.

Sample Volume

These are typical sample volumes as outlined in the Sample Distribution Policy. A few new types have been added:

Sample Type	Volume/Length
Thin-section billets	Standard: 10 cm3
Thin-section billets	Oversized: 50 cm3 (for large-grained plutonic rocks)
Alkenone (Uk37)	5 cm3
X-ray diffraction	5 cm3
ICP	10 cm3
Carbonate	2 cm3
Paleomagnetism - cubes	7-cm3
Paleomagnetism - minicores	12-cm3
Paleomagnetism - U-channels	600-cm3
Moisture and density	10–20 cm3
Grain size	10–20 cm3 (depending upon coarseness)
Planktonic foraminifers	10 cm3
Benthic foraminifers	10–20 cm3
Nannofossils	2 cm3
Diatoms	5–10 cm3
Radiolarians	10 cm3
Palynology	10–15 cm3
Organic samples	20 cm3
Interstitial porewaters whole rounds	5–20 cm long (based on water content)
Inorganic geochemistry	10 cm3
Organic geochemistry	10 cm3
Sedimentology	10–20 cm3
Slabs (for laminae studies)	25–50 cm3 (depending on slab length)
Slabs (large grained plutonic rocks)	50–100 cm3 (often shared by scientists for multiple analyses)
Stable isotopes (C, O)	10–20 cm3

Sampling Tools

The tools and procedures that help the Curatorial Specialist sample efficiently are outlined below.

Tool	Volume/Size	Comment	Material
sample tubes, small*	2-5cc tube	A single punch fills the tube halfway, yielding a volume of about 3 cc, a second punch fills it to 5cc. It is given a one or two cm interval, depending on the volume taken and how the second punch was inserted (side by side = 1cm, adjacent = 2 cm).	soupy or consolidated sediment
sample tubes, large*	10cc tube	A single punch fills the tube halfway, yielding a volume of about 10 cc, a second punch fills it to 20 cc. If a 10 cc sample is taken, the sample is given 2 cm interval, if 20 cc is taken, it is given a 5cm interval (the tube is actually 2.5 cm wide, but we enter only whole intervals; generally, the larger tube is not used laterally side by side).	soupy or consolidated sediment
plastic scoops**	5cc and 10cc **	Small scoops are useful when trying to preserve 2/3 of core for later, high-resolution sampling. Note that there is some contamination on the edges of these samples.	soupy or consolidated sediment
stainless steel scoops***	20 cc, 40 cc, 100cc	The larger metal scoops are sturdy and can be used for organic geochemistry sampling when the use of plastic is not desirable. They can also be gently pushed or hammered into semi-lithified sediment instead of a using a hammer and chisel	soupy or consolidated sediment; can be used in semi-lithified sediment also.
plastic sample cubes, standard	2" x 2" x 2” (same in all dimensions, AKA “French” cube) -	The bottom of the pmag cubes are pre-drilled and pre-marked with directional arrows. The standard IODP cube volume is somewhere between 6-7cc but is recorded in SAMPLE MASTER as 7cc. The cube is placed open side down, with arrow pointing to the top of the core. It is then pressed on with both thumbs, applying equal pressure across its surface. The sample is then removed from the core with spatula(s), trying not to disturb the material in the cube. Gently scrape or break the material off from the bottom of the cube with a clean spatula. Clean the cube and cap. Always place a handwritten label on the cube itself and not the cover being sure to cover. Putting the label over the hole in the lid is a good idea to slow evaporation from the sample. The holes are drilled by the Paleomag MLS, but you need to let them know about how many will be needed for the cruise, or, at least, when supplies are running low. Pre-drilled and pre-marked sample cubes are also used to take fabric study samples (physical properties type samples) in soft sediment. Hand label fabric study samples the same as you would paleomag cubes. Place cube in a sealed pop vial. Place the pop vial and a moistened sponge in a 4 x 6 sample bag that has a computer generated label on the outside of the bag. Refrigerate the sample.	Paleomagnetics samples and fabric studies
plastic sample cubes, small	1cm x 1 cm x 1 cm	Generally used for sampling across magnetic transitions and for high-resolution sampling. The Paleomag MLS should prepare the plastic cuvettes. The cuvettes must be cut down to 1 cm cube, the burrs cleaned off, and a tiny hole drilled in the bottom. A slip of parafilm is used to seal the sample inside the cube.	paleomagnetic high resolution sampling
minicorer	10-12cc	In harder materials, paleomagnetists often prefer to take minicores, cylindrical samples taken with the drill press. All drilled paleomag samples should be marked with a directional arrow before drilling. Slice off the bottom of the paleomag minicore using the rock saw. Return the slice to the core. It is not uncommon for scientists to request minicores for geochemical or petrological studies. Place all drilled samples in pop vials. Vials should be taped and have a computer generated label on the outside	paleomag (and sometimes geochemical/petrological) samples
vertical minicores	variable	These are generally requested for sonic velocity measurements. It is important that the samples are cut in materials that do not contain fractures or veins. Samples should be oriented with respect to the top of the core. At times, vertical minicores can be requested from whole rounds. In this case, each sample must be pre-approved by the SAC in the same way that a Physical Properties whole rounds needs the SAC approval.	30-50 cm3
parallel bladed saw	12cc	Make sure that the sample is marked with a directional arrow. In lithified sediment and basalt, sonic velocity samples are often cut on the parallel saw.	sonic velocity and paleomagnetic samples
hammer and chisel	variable	Metal hammer and chisels are ok for most samples. Check to be sure. Always use a plastic chisel at the K/T boundary and other geochemically significant (as defined by the SAC) locations.	lithified sediment, igneous and metamorphic rock
rock saw	variable		lithified sediment, igneous and metamorphic rock

*Note for plastic tube (5 and 10cc) sampling: A ridge on the inside wall of either size sample tubes may be used to orient the sample up-core, if desired. If either tube is pushed in twice always scrape off the bottom of the sample after pushing it in the first time. This removes any contamination, which is always found next to the liner. To get away from this problem simply don't push to the liner the first time.

**Note for plastic scoop sampling: The leading edge of the scoop is set down at the interval to be sampled, oriented parallel to the length of the core. The outside, flat surface of the scoop should be facing away from the sampler. To take the sample, press straight down on the rounded handle of the scoop until it hits the bottom of the liner; then scoop it toward you until the leading edge clears the top of the liner.

*** Note for metal scoop sampling: For organic geochemistry sampling with metal scoops: without touching the sample (skin oils contaminate the sediment) transfer it to a labeled Kapak bag, and seal it in another bag to capture the label inside. Then stick the bagged sample in the freezer in the core lab.

Lab Codes and Sample Codes

When a split core is placed on the sample table it is just about ready for sampling. Before sampling can occur, all approved sample requests must have SAMPLE MASTER sample codes assigned or must have a corresponding shipboard analysis lab code in the database. The sample code is linked to the SAMPLE MASTER request number/request name. Sample code naming is often derived from the first three letters of the primary investigators last name. Each sample request should have at least one sample code associated with it. When an investigator has more than one sample request for the cruise or a variety of sample types for one request, separate codes should be assigned. Often a sample request is submitted jointly by more than one investigator; choose only one sample code to be associated with that request. Finally, assign a sample code for samples taken for all approved shorebased requests.

Lab codes are permanent fixtures in the SAMPLE MASTER Sample tables. If a new lab code needs to be created, the shipboard developer can be called on to do so. Document the lab code addition in your Curatorial Report. Here is a list of standard lab codes for shipboard analyses or routine archiving.

.

Lab Code	Description
BIO	biostratigraphy, taken on catwalk from cuts between sections
CARB	carbonate analysis
DML	clay swelling tests for downhole logging
HS	analysis of headspace gases, taken on catwalk
ICP	inductively coupled plasma
IW	whole round for interstitial water, taken on catwalk
MBIO	whole round microbiology, taken on catwalk
NANNO	Nannofossil biostratigraphy
PAL	from core catcher for biostratigraphic dating, , taken on catwalk
PMAG	oriented sample taken for paleomagnetic analysis
PP	whole round taken for physical properties analysis, cut from whole rounds after MSTing
SCRAPE	cut face scrapings from sections (used when material is especially critical, e.g. K/T boundary)
SS	smear slides for descriptions
STRX	oriented samples taken for structural analysis
TOC	total organic carbon
TSB	thin section billet
TSS	thin section slides, entered by Curator after TSB is made into thin section slide
VP	P-wave velocity
XRD	x-ray diffraction analysis
XRF	x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF machine no longer on-board JOIDES Resolution)

Sampling Guidelines for Sediment

Once the whiteboard plan is posted, the sample codes entered into SAMPLE MASTER Curation and the core is split, it’s time to take samples. Use the following as a general guide for sampling sedimentary cores. Improvise as needed to get the best quality samples for scientific study. Note: During the initial training period (i.e. the first few days of coring), the Curatorial Specialist (or his/her representative) should be present as much as possible to guide the sampling process.

Physical properties sampling – After splitting, the core is placed on the auxiliary sampling table. The physical properties scientist measures shear strength (shear vane) and sonic velocity on each section, then one or two 10cc samples per section are removed from the core for index properties measurements (Figures 37, 38 and 39).

Paleomagnetics sampling - Next, the paleomagnetist is called to take samples. Shipboard paleomagnetists normally deal with two categories of discrete: shipboard samples and personal samples. At this stage, most, if not all the paleomagnetics (pmag) samples taken are for shipboard analysis. After preliminary measurements are done on the discrete samples and half core archive, the paleomagnetist may request higher resolution sampling at interesting paleomagnetic transitions. Orienting and removing the samples properly requires care and time. Shipboard paleomagnetists (rather than the paleomagnetic Marine Specialist) are responsible for taking all paleomagnetic samples, or for training other shipboard scientists in the proper techniques. In softer sediment, 2”x2”x2” paleomagnetics cubes are taken. When the material gets more indurated, minicores may be required. When the paleomagnetic sampling is complete, the cores are moved to the main sample table where the remaining samples are taken.

Sampling for shipboard analysis and personal studies using flags - Scientists working their 2 hour sampling shift should make an announcement over the P.A. stating something like “Core A is on the sample table. Please flag your samples”. Guided by the whiteboard plan, the requesting scientist or his/her representative, takes a sample flag (attached to a toothpick see “SET-UP AND SUPPLYING THE CORE LAB AND SAMPLING AREA”) and places it in the foam backer rod strip adjacent to the steel meter sticks next to the interval of interest (Figure 40 – Flagging the core for samples.jpg). Flagging for shipboard analyses (e.g. XRD, CARB, TSB, etc.) needs to be done too. Often the responsibility for flagging these samples falls by the wayside. It is the Curatorial Specialist’s job to see to it that these samples get flagged. If you notice that all requested shipboard analysis samples are not being taken, ask the Staff Scientist to assign the task to someone. Often a good choice is one of the sedimentologists on watch.

[INSERT FIGURE 40]

Sampling from routine assigned intervals using colored dots – Again, guided by the whiteboard plan the routine assigned intervals need to be sampled. It’s a great help to everyone if the Curatorial Specialist puts colored dots with sample codes and volumes at the assigned intervals on the steel meter sticks on the sample tray. This is useful for both high and low-resolution sampling for assigned intervals.

Cutting samples with sample tubes, spatulas or chisels – With the samples flagged or dotted, the sampling team of scientists inserts sample tubes or cuts samples (with a spatula or chisel or rock saw) at the designated intervals. Samples should stay in place or be put back in place from where they were first taken after cutting.

Data entry into SAMPLE MASTER - After all of the samples have been cut, sample codes and intervals are entered into SAMPLE MASTER Sample. In most cases, this will be a two-person job where one scientist stands in front of the core and calls out the sampling information (usually going down the length of one section at a time) while the other does data entry at the sample station computer.

Print labels and tracking – Check to see that the bar-coded labels print properly. If there are mistakes in data entry, ask the scientists to re-enter the correct information and reprint a label. Without crossing anything out on the bad label, have the scientists write “delete” on the label and post it on the monitor at the sample station for you to correct when you have time.

Applying the label to bags – Peel and stick all labels to sample bags, keeping things in order by section

Remove samples from core and 1st crosscheck - This is a two person job. By checking each sample removed against the corresponding labeled bag, the sampler may be certain that he or she is taking the exact interval recorded in SAMPLE MASTER. This check is the single most important step in sampling, because at this point the exact identity of the sample is known with complete certainty. Sure that the sample location matches the sample ID on the bag, the bagger hands the sample to his/her partner to seal and drop into the properly marked sample bin.

Note: It is important to double-bag any samples to be frozen because the labels do not always stick to the plastic bags when stored in freezing conditions.

2nd crosscheck - After all of the samples have been taken, a second check should be performed. Are there any flags still standing? This indicates that a sample may have been mistakenly omitted from the database. Or are there labeled bags leftover? This indicates that a sample wasn't taken (an investigator may decide he doesn't want a some material already entered into SAMPLE MASTER, and forget to tell the samplers watch that he withdrew his flag).

Plugging the holes - After all sampling is completed the holes and voids left behind are filled with ethafoam sample plugs, available in 5cc (1/2”diameter) and 10cc (1”diameter). Quarters or slices of IODP standard 2.5” diameter ethafoam rod can be cut to fill odd shaped holes. Where more than half the working half has been taken (in the dedicated interval or with prior approval from the IODP Curator) it should be marked "depleted" with permanent marker or written on tape applied to the top of the ethafoam spacer.

Interstitial Water Subsamples

Some IODP recovered materials (usually pore-water) are assigned codes based on their origin. These are not always samples per se; sometimes they include material that is archived outside of the core. Nevertheless, they are entered in the SAMPLE MASTER Sample database and thus require a sample code. Here are some standard interstitial water subsamples from sediment whole rounds:

IWG(#) interstitial water stored in glass

IWGA acidified interstitial water stored in glass

IWP(#) interstitial water stored in plastic

IWPA acidified interstitial water stored in plastic

IWS sediment squeeze cakes

# Denotes container/squeeze number if excess is squeezed and/or indicates which investigator received the sample

Scientists will request personal samples from the routine IW samples as well as material recovered by special tools. These personal samples should be assigned a hybrid code that consists of the first two letters “IW”, the third letter indicates the type of sample (S for squeeze cake, “P” for water stored in plastic, etc.), and the fourth letter indicating the request name in some way. For example, Miriam Kastner might take 10ml splits of the IW water stored in a glass ampoule. The sample code would then be IWGK.

Logging Tool Runs

For detailed descriptions of special tools, refer to Technical Report #31, Overview of Ocean Drilling Program Engineering Tools and Hardware. A web version is available at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/tnotes/tn31/tn31.htm. Here are the naming conventions for water derived from logging tool runs.

Kuster tool

KG## Kuster water stored in glass

KGA# acidified Kuster water stored in glass

KP## Kuster water stored in plastic

KPA# acidified Kuster water stored in plastic

Packer subsamples

PG## packer water stored in glass

PGA# acidified packer water stored in glass

PP## packer water stored in plastic

PPA# acidified packer water stored in plastic

RFT tool

RG## RFT water stored in glass

RGA# acidified RFT water stored in glass

RP## RFT water stored in plastic

RPA# acidified RFT water stored in plastic

WSTP Tool

W#G Water stored in glass

W#GA Acidified Water stored in glass

W#P Water stored in Plastic

W#PA Acidified Water stored in Plastic

WT Water stored titanium tubing

WC Water stored in copper tubing

WO Water stored as overflow split

WS Water stored in stainless steel tubing

On WSTP Tool runs the # in the code should indicate run number.

Fissler Tool Runs

FSG# Water stored in glass

FSGA Acidified Water stored in glass

FSP# Water stored in Plastic

FSPA Acidified Water stored in Plastic

FST# Water stored titanium tubing

FSC# Water stored in copper tubing

FSO# Water stored as overflow split

When tools are run only once in the hole, the sample can be uniquely identified by their corresponding core number; a run # isn't necessary. If multiple runs of the tool in the same cored interval should occur (revisiting 504B for example), then a run number must be designated in the record, otherwise samples receive the same ID. Note the run number in the Comment Field in SAMPLE MASTER Sample. By using the above codes, there are still plenty of characters available for both investigator and multiple splits. In the few cases where there is only one character field left, enter the split and the run # both in the comment field.

A depth interval must also be assigned. The WSTP penetrates from 0-50cm into the first section of the next core. The Fissler Tool penetrates from 0-100cm. A comment in SAMPLE MASTER Core should also be made to indicate which sections were disturbed by the tool’s probe.

The Los Alamos Water Sampler

The Los Alamos Water Sampler is an unusual logging tool that samples water from different locations in the borehole. Because there are no core numbers to coincide with the actual sample depth, the following convention has been devised to enter the sample data into SAMPLE MASTER Sample so it will make sense.

Core Run #

Type M for miscellaneous

Section 01

Interval MBSF/10 or /100

Volume in milliliters

Sample Codes:

B for "Bore hole Sample" plus

T for "Titanium Tool" or

S for "Stainless Tool" plus

HS Head space gas sample stored in stainless steel.

DG Dissolved gas samples stored in copper tubing.

PS Slush, Water w/Solids, stored in plastic.

FS Solids from slush on filter paper.

SS Suspended Solid Samples

GT Tritium, stored in glass

PA Acidified, in Plastic for archival purposes.

G Stored in glass for archival purposes

SA For sulfur isotopes, CD added, stored in glass.

GD Deuterium studies, stored in glass.

GH Hydrogen, Carbon & Oxygen isotope studies, in glass.

GB For anions, Br, I, F, stored in glass.

P Stored in polytube, for archival purposes.

GF Organic fluorescence samples, in dark glass, HCl added

PL For isotopes, Sr, B, u-series, Br, I, Rb

PB HNO₃ added

PM Residual Water

The Pressure Core Sampler

The pressure core sampler (PCS) can recover gas, liquid, and solid samples (Figure 41 – Pressure core barrel staying cool in ice container.jpg). Gas samples are ephemeral and are not easily archived in a condition that will be useful for further studies. As such gas samples (and clathrates), will probably be consumed by scientists who have an approved sample request. The liquid samples that are recovered by the PCS fall into the same category as the Interstitial Water (IW) sampling program. Any solids recovered in the PCS may be sampled under the IODP sampling policy.

[INSERT FIGURE 41 HERE]

Solid samples that are squeezed as IW samples are treated as ordinary IWs. PCS samples are labeled as follows:

PWG# PCS Water Stored in Glass

PWP# PCS Water Stored in Plastic

PW## PCS Water for an Investigator

To Archive: 5cc in glass

5cc in plastic

Gas Hydrates

Gas hydrate are ice-like solids in which water molecules trap gas molecules in a cage like structure known as a clathrate (Figure 42 – Clathrate example 1.jpg and Figure 43 – Clathrate example2.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 42 HERE] [INSERT FIGURE 43 HERE]

The location of a clathrate sample in a whole core can often be detected with the use of an infrared camera (Figure 44 – Infrared camera for detecting clathrates.jpg). Use the following sample codes:

CW Whole round sample taken on catwalk

CW## Sub-sample to investigator

[INSERT FIGURE 44 HERE]

Smear Slides

Smear slides are used for core description and biostratigraphic age dating. Smear slides made for description are typically archived at the repository where the cores are stored. Smear slide data is recorded in SAMPLE MASTER by core describers. They appear in the sample database as Lab Code SS. Smear slides currently considered residues and as such, they can be distributed to requesting scientists at the end of a cruise. Any remaining slides should be sent with an inventory to the repository where the cores are stored. When packing smear slides for shipment to a scientist or a repository, be sure they are stored sideways in plastic slide boxes. The plastic boxes should then be secured with filament tape and bubble wrap.

Residues

Residues are any residual material derived from the processing and/or analysis of a sample. If a sample is returned unprocessed and not analyzed, it is considered a "pristine residue".

All IODP residues must be identified with the standard Leg/Site/Hole/Core/Core Type/Section/Interval identifier. If a residue's parent sample was taken using the SAMPLE MASTER database program, the sample code used to identify the parent sample is usually used to identify its daughter residue(s). Samples are taken from IODP cores in order to support studies identified in investigator-submitted sample requests and/or for standard IODP shipboard analyses. Samples taken on the ship for routine IODP shipboard analysis and the sample codes that have traditionally been assigned to them are listed in the Observer/Sample Code section of the cookbook.

Distribution of Residues

With Co-chief approval, residues that are generated on the ship from standard IODP shipboard analyses may be redistributed to investigators on the ship. They may also be transferred from one investigator to another. If the residues are to be processed/analyzed as part of the same study described in an investigator's pre-submitted and approved shipboard sample request, residues are then included as part of that request. If the residues are to be used for a new and different study, the investigator must submit a new sample request. Volumetric and quantitative sampling restrictions apply to these residues in the same manner as all IODP samples.

Procedure for Residues Handling Aboard Ship

Compile inventory lists of all end-product residues generated from standard IODP shipboard analyses that are to be shipped back to an IODP Repository and include these in the RESIDUE section of the Curatorial Notebook. Residues that are consumed during shipboard analyses or that are used for additional shipboard analyses should also be noted in the Comments field of SAMPLE and included in these lists.

HARD ROCK CORE HANDLING AND SAMPLING

Hard Rock Core Handling

When a hard rock (igneous or metamorphic) core arrives on deck, the liner is placed on the catwalk core holders by the Laboratory Specialists. If hard rock pieces are scattered along the length of the liner, the upper end is raised slightly to shunt the pieces to the lower end to provide a more accurate recovery measurement. The sections are then measured starting at the bottom of the recovered material and working backwards (i.e. toward the top of the core). Label sections in the correct order. Measure until you get to the last section (i.e. Section 1). You may find when you get to Section 1, that it may be a very full section or it may only contain small amount. Estimate if you’ll need additional empty liners to give you extra space to “curate” the core. To “curate” a hard rock core is to add dividers between non-contiguous rock pieces. “Curation” usually expands the length of a core. Once all the sections are numbered, measure the recovered rock inside the liner to get the total recovery.

Unlike sediment cores, hard rock cores do not always break at 1.5 meters. They are sectioned at fractures or other natural breaks as close to 1.5 m intervals as possible. Sometimes pieces longer than 1.5 meters are recovered; then it is necessary to break the core with a hammer and chisel at as homogeneous a spot as possible.

Hard rock sections are carried into the core entry area where the recovery (recovery = Created length in SAMPLE MASTER) is recorded on paper forms. The recovery is then entered into SAMPLE MASTER and the record saved. The true “curated length” will not be correct until the core is fully spaced-out (i.e. curated). It’s a good idea to label and engrave an extra liner or two in case material needs to be transferred to the next section above. Note, when working with hard rock, it is always helpful to have a plentiful supply of pre-cleaned and pre-split core liners on hand. The core is brought to the splitting room where the liner of the first uncurated section of core is split on the core splitter with the wire removed. Starting from the top of the section, mark the bottom with a red wax china marker of every piece that is long enough not to have rolled in the liner.

The Physical Property Specialist may then select intervals to be sampled for sonic velocity and GRAPE measurements. The sonic velocity sample, also used for wet-bulk density and water content measurements, is taken before the cores begin to dry out. This sample is stored in seawater for an hour to stabilize the temperature. Pieces of whole core chosen for physical properties sampling are marked on opposite sides with orientation arrows that point to the top of the section. Temporary Styrofoam placeholders of the same length are put in place of any removed pieces. Both the removed pieces and the placeholders are given temporary labels denoting their position in the section.

With the help of the igneous petrologist or structural geologist (or both), broken or beveled rock pieces that have recognizable features (e.g. foliation directions, connecting veins) are aligned from piece to piece and fitted together (Figure 45 – Piecing together hard rock.jpg). Have the inspecting scientist(s) mark a splitting line on the rock pieces (Figure 46 - Hard rock ready for splitting line.jpg). Subpieces that fit together should have hatch marks draw to help maintain connections between subpieces when cutting on the rock saw (Figure 47 - Hard rock core with hatch marks.jpg). Hard rock pieces that do not fit together are separated from each other in the core liner by IODP dividers. The dividers are then acetoned (or sonic welded) in the split and labeled liners to match the spacing in the original liner. Once the pieces in each section are spaced out and the dividers attached, measure the curated length and enter it in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog. Rebuild depths and print and distribute the Core Tracking Sheets and d-tube labels.

[INSERT FIGURE 45]

[INSERT FIGURE 46]

[INSERT FIGURE 47]

Hard rock core pieces are split on the Felker saw in the splitting room along the splitting line marked by the petrologists (Figure 48 – Rock saws.jpg and Figure 49 - Hard rock split and ready for labels.jpg). Sometimes the Supersaw is used to cut long, solid pieces that do not fit on the Felker saw. Similarly, a series of long pieces may be more conveniently cut on the Supersaw. Before making any cuts, check again to be sure that the bottoms of all orientable pieces are marked with red wax pencil. Ideally, pieces are split symmetrically with regard to any contacts, veins or other special features, so as to preserve part of the feature in each core half but this may not always be possible because cores should also be aligned based on structural trends. Pieces which fit together or which have contiguous features are split along a single line drawn on all the pieces when they are fitted together. Shattered rock that can be pieced together by hand may be held together with masking tape or shrink tubing and cut as one unit.

[INSERT FIGURE 48]

[INSERT FIGURE 49]

Once split, the hard rock core pieces are returned to their respective liners and set flat side down. They can be air dried, dried with a heat gun (the heating element in the 'off' position), or with compressed air. Applying direct heat to the core can affect alteration products and demagnetize the rocks so always get the ok from the science party before turning on a heat gun, even though the heating element is in the off position.

All hard rock pieces are labeled with the ODP standard identifier Leg, Site, Hole, Core, Coretype, Section, Piece (and Sub-piece number), an “Up” arrow if the piece is oriented, and a "W" or an "A", indicating whether the piece is from the working or archive half (Figure 50 - Hard rock piece label.jpg). The labels are written using the hand held Brady labeling machine (Figure 51 – Brady Printer for hard rock labeling.jpg). Labels are affixed parallel to the cut face midway between the bottom and the cut edge of the left side of the core with epoxy resin so that they read parallel to the lines of writing and with the orientation arrow pointing towards the top of the core (Figure 52 - Hard rock label glueing.jpg) - The label is then covered with more epoxy so it is completely sealed. The use of too much epoxy may cause drips and contaminate the surface of the core. Once the epoxy has set, the pieces are rotated in the liner so that the split side faces up. All oriented pieces should have arrows pointing “UP” core. If there is any question whether a piece is long enough to be oriented, don’t put an arrow. As a general guideline, any unattached piece that is smaller than 6cm is probably not orientable.

[INSERT FIGURE 50]

[INSERT FIGURE 51]

[INSERT FIGURE 52]

Each piece should be numbered consecutively from the top of the section down. Every section should begin with piece number 1 even if a piece is continuous between sections. Sub-pieces (i.e., the pieces which fit together between liner dividers to collectively form a piece), should be consecutively alphabetized from the top of the piece to the bottom of the piece. When the CUT FACE of the WORKING HALF is facing up, the sub-piece to the right, relative to the stratigraphic top of the section, is sub-piece A.

When it is not possible or desirable to glue labels to the actual pieces, the label should be affixed to the right side of the core liner, including:

Pieces which are too small to label (Figure 53- Hard rock bin labeling on small pieces.jpg)
Rollers and rubble that, for convenience sake, are curated as one "piece", between two liner dividers.
Pieces which, if removed for labeling, would disturb the core (e.g., sediment basement contact which have been shrink-wrapped together, volcaniclastics interbedded with basalts).
Pieces that are so porous and contain so much water that an epoxied label will not stick.

[INSERT FIGURE 53]

Whenever possible, sections should be divided between pieces. Remember that curated section lengths may be shorter that the average 150cm length, however the cut-liner should remain 150cm with “EMPTY” written in the blank space at the bottom

Hard rock cores are curated so the assigned piece and sub-piece numbers are the same in both the archive and working halves. Should there be one piece in the archive half that has broken into two pieces in the working half, then each unit in the working half would be assigned a single piece number (i.e. no sub-piece numbers would be assigned (Figure 54, Hard rock labeling1.ai and Figure 55 Hard rock labeling2.ai).

[INSERT FIGURE 54]

[INSERT FIGURE 55]

Hard rocks are sampled one fell swoop at a “sample party”, so don’t box the working halves like you normally would. After enough cores accumulate, lay them out in the lab. Marine Specialists will assist the Curator in drilling, sawing and labeling and bagging the samples. Both working and archive sections must be shrink wrapped prior to the final trip down to the refrigerator. This ensures the pieces do not roll around or become damaged in transit

Hard Rock Core Sampling

Once the archive halves of a core are described, samples can be selected and taken from the working halves for shipboard analyses including paleomagnetism (mini-cores and cubes), physical properties (chips and cubes), geochemistry (XRD and ICP quarter core) and petrography (thin section billets, see next section for specific instructions). Depending on the preferences, core recovery rate and experience of the Co-Chiefs and Staff Scientist, the Curatorial Marine Specialist may be asked to cut all shipboard samples while on shift or perhaps once a day. On other cruises, sampling shift scientists may be assigned the task of cutting hard rock shipboard samples as the cores are split and described. The key is flexibility, on hard rock cruises in particular but in any case, the Curator should always keep close tabs on the process. Note that personal sampling should not be done at this point.

Frequently, pieces and sub-pieces in the working halves are broken or cut into smaller pieces during sampling. Of primary importance for shipping and long term repository preservation is to insert properly fitting ethafoam spacers in sampling voids. If there is sufficient time, pieces larger than 15cm³(about the size of a mini-core) can be re-labeled. If time is limited, it is highly desirable to re-label oriented pieces so they do not get turned upside down after sampling.

After the cores have been described and sampled for shipboard analysis, the working halves are stored in d-tubes and racked in the Core Lab to await a sampling party for personal studies.

Thin Section Management

Scientists wishing to have a thin section made must first fill-out a Thin Section Request form. The Curatorial Specialist will then cut the billet and place it in the sample bin labeled TSB (Lab Code for thin section billet) along with a completed and signed request form. The Thin Section Lab Specialist usually comes by once a day to pick up any freshly cut TSBs for processing in the Thin section Lab (Figure 56 – Thin Section Lab.jpg). Special instructions for orientation, impregnation, or other procedures are written on the thin section request form. Unless otherwise requested, thin sections are polished and cover slips are not applied. A major objective of this procedure is to have a complete collection of sections ready for microprobe analysis on shore. Thin sections are returned to the Curatorial Specialist at the end of the cruise, but are available post-cruise by shipboard scientists from IODP/TAMU if requested.

[INSERT FIGURE 56 HERE]

A few points to check when cutting thin sections billets and recording data in SAMPLE MASTER:

Keep a supply of blank Thin Section Request forms available at the sample table.
Billets should be properly labeled and marked with an orientation arrow if an oriented slide is requested.
Standard thin section billets should be no larger than 1.5cm x 3.5cm in order to fit on a standard slide without being trimmed. Keep a plastic demonstration block attached to the rock saw for the scientists to use as a reference when cutting billets.
Cut thin section billets thick enough for two thin sections to be made from the same billet, either for a second shipboard copy if the first slide is messed up, to request as a personal sample by a shipboard scientist at the end of the cruise or to archive at the repository.
Make the saw cuts as cleanly as possible with the two faces parallel to each other.
The interval in the database (i.e. the label) and the interval on the handwritten request form should match exactly.
Piece and sub-piece should be recorded in SAMPLE MASTER for all hard rock thin section billets.
All billets for shipboard description should have the lab code TSB, never the requester’s personal sample code.

Well cut billets will result in faster and higher quality work by the thin section tech. This way, less material is lost in lapping to a bonding surface and will allow even distribution of pressure during bonding. Obviously it isn't always possible to cut a perfect billet but always keep this aim in mind. Oversized slides may be made from large faced samples in special circumstances (e.g. when crystal size is very large).

The average capacity of the thin section lab is 12 slides per 12 hour shift or six oversized slides. Typically only one technician will be available to make thin sections and it is possible that he will be responsible for other laboratory functions (e.g. Core Lab and downhole) as well. Please be especially aware of backlogs and time constraints towards the end of the leg. The turn around time between receiving the requests and finishing the slides is generally 1-3 days. It can be longer if the billet requires special preparation like impregnation or other duties intervene.

When the thin section is complete, the thin section tech will put it in a slide case that remains in the petrology lab accessible to the scientists until the end of the leg. The thin section tech maintains a labeling system inside the case.

End of Cruise Thin Section Requests

All thin sections are the property of IODP. Shipboard scientists may request to borrow thin sections at the end of the leg as a part of a new- or pre-existing sample request. However all slides must first be sent to the IODP Curator for cataloging. The Curator will then send the thin sections along to the investigator once the approval process has been completed.

It is useful to send an end of leg email to the scientists with an attached up-to-date Thin Section Inventory asking them to decide which thin sections they’d like to request post-cruise. Include your final updated Thin Section Distribution list in the Action Items in the Curatorial Notebook so the thin sections get sent to scientists as soon as they are cataloged at the repository.

Entering Thin Section Slides into the Sample Database via JRS (as of Leg 205)

This procedure allows batch entry of Thin Section Slides (Lab Code TSS) into the sample database. It creates a permanently archived searchable thin section database for use on shore. It is best performed after the last thin section billet (Lab Code TSB) is made into a thin section slide. Before starting, cross check your TSB data against the information written in the Thin Section Techs logbook and on the thin section slides. All TSB records should match the TS Tech’s slides and vice versa.

From Netscape Communicator, go to the Sample Report Data Query (http://www-odp.tamu.edu/Sample Masterweb/sample/sample.shtml, Figure 57 – Sample report data query.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 57 HERE]

Select all “TSB” taken for your leg and submit. Save Sample Query Results (e.g. sample.cgi) to your desired location.

Open the file in Excel. Remove the header and footer lines. Select the entire spreadsheet. Go to Data>Text to Columns. Then delete all columns but the following: Leg, Site, Hole, Core, Section, Top Interval, Bottom Interval, Volume, Piece, SubP, Lab Id. Be sure to delete the “Core Type” column too. Save as xls. Select all rows and columns with data and click copy.

Now open Sxlt from the C:\ODP\JRS directory (Figure 58 - Samples.xlt in JRS directory.jpg).

[INSERT Figure 58 HERE]

Paste the copied cells from xls into Samples.xlt, then do the following:

Check that the data is in the correct column.
Fill in the Loc and Obs columns by using the “fill down” option. Use SHIP as Loc and CUR as Obs.
Make sure the column labeled “H” (half) is filled down with a capital “W” (working half).
Piece and SubPiece should be in separate columns.
Change the Lab Id from TSB (thin section billet) to TSS (thin section slide).
It’s also very useful back at the repository to record the Thin Section Tech’s slide number. This information can be entered into the comments section of the spreadsheet.

Do NOT add any columns after the “comments” column or JRS will not import the template (Figure 59 TSS.csv.jpg).

[INSERT Figure 59 HERE]

Save the file as a Comma Delimited File (e.g. csv). You should create a new folder to save these templates (e.g. “xltemplt”). DO NOT save the files to the Template folder in the JRS program. Close the Excel file. JRS will not import the file if it is open in Excel.

Open JRS. Select Import from the Template menu. An “Import from” window will appear (Figure 60 – Template menu_import from.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 60 HERE]

Select csv and click OK. Tss.csv will be loaded into JRS. To save the records, click F4, Accept. Verify that all new TSS records actually made it into the database by going to the Open (F3) screen and re-calling all TSS. This data will now be permanently archived in a searchable form back on shore (Figure 61 Loaded TSS.csv into JRS template.jpg).

[INSERT FIGURE 61 HERE]

Shipboard Sampling Parties

Materials available for personal samples include both working halves and residues of shipboard samples that have already been analyzed. During the sample party, scientists mark off their desired sample interval with wax pencil (sometimes masking tape if necessary) and apply a round, “Avery” dot label marked with their sample code (Figure 62 – Hard rock sample party.jpg and Figure 63 Sample party labeling.ai). If sampling intensity is great in one specific area as a result of low recovery or the presence of a critical interval, such as a glass, the scientists should make a drawing on a “Post-It”, showing the exact location of the proposed samples and where they want the cuts made. This drawing should be placed next to the piece they wish to sample (Figure 64 -A heavily requested set of hard rock cores.jpg). This way, as other scientists add their choices, conflicts are quickly seen and can be resolved more easily without marking up the core.

[INSERT FIGURE 62 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 63 HERE]

[INSERT FIGURE 64 HERE]

After all the samples have been chosen the members of the SAC go over the proposed samples sorting out any conflicts as they go through the cores. The Curatorial Specialist, with the help of marine technicians, cuts the samples using the two rock saws and two drill presses. Asking the shipboard paleomagnetist(s) to assist with cutting minicores acceptable, especially if the number of samples is great and time is short.

Pieces containing glass or other rare materials should be cut using a thin-blade on the rock saw or the tabletop Varicut saw. Any glass fragments or other materials that break off should be stored in a labeled bag or pop-top vial in the working half or with the sample. Be sure to mark an “UP” arrow on oriented samples with a red china marker or a scribe.

Sample information is entered into SAMPLE MASTER Sample (including piece and sub-piece), bagged and carefully sealed. The unused portion of the core is returned to the liner in its proper place and orientation.

Again, pieces and sub-pieces in the working halves that are broken or cut into smaller pieces during sampling require special curatorial attention. Of primary importance for shipping and long term repository preservation is to insert properly fitting ethafoam spacers in sampling voids. If there is sufficient time, pieces larger than 15cm³ in volume (about the size of a minicore plug) can be relabeled. If time is limited, it is highly desirable to relabel oriented pieces so they do not get turned upside down after sampling.

Both working and archive sections must be shrink wrapped before their final trip to the core storage refrigerator. This ensures the pieces do not roll around or become damaged in transit.

THE CORE STORAGE SYSTEM

Split cores are stored permanently in white plastic d-tubes. Archive and working halves are distinguished by color coding. Working halves have black endcaps and archives have red endcaps. Working and archive halves are stored separately in boxes, on opposite sides of the core refrigerator on the ship.

After sampling or describing a core, slide each section, bottom end first, into a tube. Follow with a moist sponge and close with an endcap. The sponge should not be too moist or water will drip out and destroy the waxed cardboard core boxes. Do not put a wet sponge in a section that consists entirely of igneous or metamorphic rock. Expanding clays may expand further with the absorption of water from a sponge, so again, don’t use a sponge in “shaley” cores. Sometimes extra sponges behind as well as in front of a section may help to preserve a core that is deteriorating as it dries out on the ship. It is the responsibility to the Curatorial Specialist to determine the appropriate use of sponges in unusual circumstances and to communicate it to everyone working in the core lab.

With the exception of the last section and the core catcher, only one section goes inside of a d-tube. This rule should be followed even when it is possible to fit multiple short sections in one d-tube. When storing the core catcher and last section together, put the core catcher into the d-tube first so that it is behind the numbered section. SAMPLE MASTER Corelog also does a summation of the length of the last section and the core catcher. If sum is less than 150cm, the Core Tracking Report will tell you to store the two in one d-tube. Always check that the physical storage is consistent with the Core Tracking Report, and that the working and archive halves are stored in exactly the same manner. If you discover inconsistencies with SAMPLE MASTER or between archive and working halves after cores are boxed and you are not able to fix them, be sure to make a note for the repository Superintendent at the repository where the cores will be unpacked.

Labeling D-Tubes

Hand label the top of each d-tube with a permanent marker (black for working halves, red for archive halves). The label runs the length of the tube, reading: LEG-SITE/HOLE-CORE/CORETYPE-SECTION à W (or A) with the arrow pointing to the top of the section toward the endcap (Figure 65 - D-tube labeling.ai). Put one bar-coded core label on the top of the d-tube at the open end and a second bar-coded core label on the endcap.

[INSERT Figure 65 HERE]

Colored dots are used on d-tubes to indicate the following situations:

Dot Color	How to Interpret
blue	entirely igneous or metamorphic section; blue color signifies no sponge
red glow	critical intervals
yellow	temporary dot used on ship to let photographer know that a close-up is being requested
Other dots are used on the beach at the repositories
purple	Permanent archive sections
green	APC (referred to as HPC, Hydraulic Piston Corer) sections recovered during last years of DSDP
green glow	“Geriatric cores” cores used in a core aging study (so-called “geriatric study”) back at the repositories
white	no sponge--expanding core

Yellow pre-printed IODP “caution” stickers are applied to endcaps of sections that have had something unusual happen. In addition to the caution label, it’s always helpful to write a brief handwritten message on the top of the d-tube explaining what happened. The message must be easily understood by the repository staff or visiting scientists a repository. For example, if a section was dropped write but not conspicuously damaged "section dropped." If parts of a dropped section fell onto the floor and piecing together was not possible write "section dropped; 0-28cm out of order and not oriented". Be sure to make a note of the event in SAMPLE MASTER Corelog Core Comments.

General Guide to Core Boxing

Try to keep cores in the lab as long as possible before boxing to allow each crew of scientists the chance to view and/or sample material that came up while off shift. When there is no more space for core storage in the lab, sections are boxed and moved to the core refrigerator. As Curatorial Specialist, you should monitor core flow out of the lab. Talk to the Staff Scientist and science party so that you know when they will be finished working with specific cores. Let the other techs know what cores should and shouldn't be boxed. Develop a workable system to minimize conflict and maximize useful work.

Core Box Inventory forms are used to keep track of the boxed sections. Keep one clipboard of blank forms for working halves and one for archive halves in the Core Lab. Update these forms whenever cores are boxed. Always use a black pen for working half forms and a red pen for archive half forms so that no one gets mixed up. It is important to carefully label the boxes and fill out the Core Box Inventory forms so that you can find needed sections later in the leg and so that core unboxing is simplified at the repository (Figure 66 – Back at the core repository.jpg). Whenever possible, the handwritten information should also be transferred to an Excel spreadsheet and stored on the PC in the curatorial office. Having a computer-generated core box inventory form makes life easier for the repository folk unloading the cores. Form-versions of these spreadsheets are kept on the hard drive on the curatorial PC.

[INSERT FIGURE 66 HERE]

At the end of the expedition provide copies of the core box inventory to the Lab Officer/Assistant Lab Officer, the on-coming Curatorial Specialist, the Curator’s copy of the Curatorial Notebook (original handwritten inventory) and the repository’s copy of the Curatorial Notebook. Finally, one copy of the core box inventory should be taped to a core box in the core shipment.

Since d-tubes in the lab are reopened frequently to have second look at cores, taping of the endcaps should be done just before the cores are ready to be boxed. When ready to box, seal the d-tubes with archival quality polyethylene tape (3M brand is preferable) extending from the top to the bottom surface of the d-tube, covering both computer labels. Get a four-wheeled cart to stack the core boxes on as you are packing them and to transport the full core boxes to the core refrigerator. D-tubes are placed in wax core boxes that hold 10 sections (Figure 67 - MLS boxing core). When you have 4-8 full core boxes stacked on the cart, take them to the core refrigerator for storage until the end of the cruise.

[INSERT FIGURE 67 HERE]

Core Boxing Instructions

Instructions for properly assembling, packing, marking, and closing core boxes follow. Copies of these instructions should remain posted at both ends of the core lab.

Fold rear of box and insert cores so that the lowest core/section number is in the upper left and the highest core/section number is in the lower right (Figure 68 – How to box core.ai). It is easiest to fill the box by starting in the lower right with the highest core/section number and working backwards to the upper left.*

*Other times it may be easier to fold the front of the box and insert the cores top-first into the open rear end of the box so that the top of the section goes in first. The lowest core/section number should still be in the upper left and the highest core/section number should still be in the lower right. It is easiest to fill the box by starting in the lower left of the open rear of the box with the highest core/section number and working backwards to the upper left.

[INSERT FIGURE 68 HERE]

Record the pertinent data on the Core Box Inventory form.

Mark boxes containing working halves with a black permanent marker; mark boxes containing archive halves with a red permanent marker. Mark bottom (BOT) at the rear of the box, both on the flap and top surface, and TOP on the front flap and top surface. At both ends of the box, on the top and flap, write the leg number and the box number (as listed on the Core Box Inventory) followed by a W or A for working or archive. Circle the core box number and letter (Figure 69 – Core box end labeling.ai).

[INSERT FIGURE 69 HERE]

Core Storage in the Refrigerator

Segregate cores in the core refrigerator so that working halves are on the port side and archive halves are on the starboard side of the refrigerator. Be sure to push core boxes as far back into the racks as they will go. On a high recovery leg core boxes will be stacked four across on the floor in the center of the refrigerator. There are only a couple of inches of extra space to work with; when the cores aren't pushed all the way back into the side racks, you can't stack a full set of core boxes in the aisle. On an extremely busy leg, when the core refrigerator is nearly full, talk with the LO about clearing out space in the Hold Refrigerator or the gym for the overflow cores.

RE-SAMPLING AND RE-DESCRIBING CORES

Try as you may to minimize re-sampling (by keeping the cores accessible in the Core Lab racks) you can expect that some intervals need to be looked at again. Scientists wishing to re-describe or re-sample boxed cores must get approval from the Staff Scientist and then contact the Curatorial Specialist who determines when, where and how the activity is to be undertaken. The more core boxes are opened and re-stapled, the more they begin to resemble soggy graham crackers. This weakens the boxes and obscures their labels. Therefore, it’s best if the Curatorial Specialist coordinates requests for re-sampling or re-describing.

Investigators wishing to access boxed cores may be asked to do the legwork themselves, after consulting with the Curatorial Specialist. The investigators retrieve the desired material and then pack, staple, and shelve the boxes just as they found them or this can be done by the Curatorial Specialist and a few techs, whatever method works best. Depending on how many samples, sections, boxes, etc. the actual re-sampling and re-describing may be done in the Second Look Lab or in the refrigerator itself. The Second Look Lab sometimes is not available, and as with the refrigerator, doesn't have a sampling station to enter samples, so sample IDs are recorded by hand on the sample bags and the data is entered later at the SAMPLE MASTER sampling station upstairs. Sometimes, especially during drilling breaks, it’s just as easy to take the cores up to the lab for scientists to re-sample or re-describe.

For safety reasons as well as increased strength of the re-stapling job, the old staples should be removed prior to re-stapling. Old staples have caused many nasty scrapes and cuts. Keep a pair of needle nosed pliers in the refrigerator for this purpose. Toward the end of the cruise, it generally is not possible to access boxed cores. The final date any for re-sampling and re-describing will be included in the "End-of-the-Cruise" schedule devised and distributed by the Lab Officer. The Curatorial Specialist should inform the Co-Chiefs and scientists that after this final date re-sampling and re-describing will need to be performed at the repository.

BETWEEN SITES

Between site tasks for the Curatorial Specialist include:

Lab clean up and restocking, especially around the sampling tables.
Update Excel Core Box Inventory.
Make corrections to the sample database using SAMPLE MASTER Repository Sampling (JRS).
Box and bag all the previous site's samples and take them to the refrigerator. On busy cruises, it’s a good idea to keep samples in the Hold Refrigerator so they don’t get in the way of people trying to load core boxes.
Prepare the sampling plan for the next site.
Cross check the core photos with SAMPLE MASTER curated lengths to make sure they match. Make updates to SAMPLE MASTER Corelog as necessary and re-run the depths for those particular holes.
Check for voids greater than 5cm that have not been entered into the Subsection Log, and also for the placement and length of whole round samples. Make updates to SAMPLE MASTER Corelog as necessary and re-run the depths for those particular holes.
Update the Sample Request Detail in SAMPLE MASTER Curation for all the requesters who took samples from the previous site (i.e. insert the site numbers into the appropriate columns, next to the pre-site name, so that they will show up correctly in the Netscape version of the Final Cruise Sampling Plan).

END OF LEG ACTIVITIES

CURATORIAL NOTEBOOK

The purpose of the Curatorial Notebook is to provide the IODP Curator with a compilation of primary documents reflecting the events, problems, and activities of a cruise. It will be used post-cruise by the Curator and repository staff. It is crucial that the Notebook be carefully prepared with the awareness that it will be used long after you have forgotten the details of any particular leg. Inevitably problems and questions will arise about cores, samples, requests, and procedures that will require a clear written record of your cruise.

You may need several binders to hold all the information. One copy of the Curatorial Notebook must be returned to the Curator and the other should be sent with the cores to the repository. The Curator has the Notebook microfilmed for posterity. The original Curatorial Notebook must shipped via express mail service directly from the ship to IODP, College Station at the end of the leg. An express box will be set-up in the Lab Officer’s office at the end of the cruise.

Contents of the Curatorial Notebook

The contents of the Curatorial Notebook will vary according to the cruise. Nevertheless, certain documentation is nearly always required. Add any other information you think may be useful.

Include the following sections in your notebook:

Participant list - You can get a copy from the Yeoperson.
Curatorial Report - (see next section for further details).
Action items – This section is for the Curator or Repository Superintendent. Include all new requests, instructions for redistribution of shipboard residues or thin sections, requests for post-cruise samples, anything last minute that the Curator will need to take care of back on the beach.
Final Cruise Sampling Plan (FCSP)
Pre-Site to Site Conversion - list pre-site numbers with their corresponding IODP site numbers
Request#/Sample Code/Approval Status List/Sample Totals – There is no web report that combines all of this information. You can prepare this in Excel by combining several of the available web reports.
Core Box Inventory Forms - Put one Excel copy in each notebook. The original handwritten copies should go in the Curator’s notebook.
Thin Sections – Thin section billet (Lab Code TSB) inventory and thin section slide (Lab Code TSS) inventory with Curatorial Specialist’s updates (e.g. slide #). Prepare both in Excel (see instructions on How to
Smear Slide Inventory – prepare in Excel.
Residues and Redistributed Samples: memo describing distribution information of all shipboard samples, smear slides, and samples being returned to the GCR.
Site Sampling Plans
Memos/emails - any information of interest relating to curation and requests from the leg.
Correspondence with the shorebased scientists.
Curatorial Diskettes - Send a CD containing the Curatorial Report, the Final Cruise Sampling Program and the newest Curatorial Cookbook (if changes were made). If the Curatorial Specialist is ASPP, it's also a good idea to hand carry a copy of the same diskette home in case the Shore Curator or Superintendent of the repository needs to contact the Curatorial Specialist. In addition, diskettes with the digital composite core images should be sent to the core receiving repository. Tape all CDs in the inside pocket of the Curatorial Notebooks.
Curatorial Cookbook Changes/Updates - Ensure that changes are incorporated both on the ship and on the beach. Please provide hard copies of these changes in the Curatorial Notebook as well as an electronic copy on diskette. The changes should be italicized and bold to reflect the additions or deletes.
Sample Requests- You may need to put the requests in a separate notebook. Group them by request number in the following categories:

New Requests
Accepted
Modified requests - clearly mark the request and document all changes on the request and in the action items list if anything more is required on shore.
Deferred/Partially Deferred Requests - list the samples which are to be sampled on the beach on a sample request inventory form, or alternatively specify the site, hole, section, interval where sampling should begin and end. For Decision deferred, explain what co-Chiefs intend to do with the request post-cruise
Rejected/Withdrawn Requests - include the Co-chiefs’ statement of why a request was rejected

CURATORIAL REPORT

The curatorial report is read by the Lab Officer at the end of the leg in order to prepare the end-of-leg Technical Report, by the Curator and repository staff to alert them to any post-cruise sample request action that needs to be taken and by the on-coming Curatorial Specialist to learn about new procedures and equipment changes.

In addition to including hard copies of the Curatorial Report in both the Curator’s and repository’s copy of the Curatorial Notebook, you must give an electronic copy to the Lab Officer and/or Yeoperson in the format requested by them. Put a hard copy of the report in the Curatorial Reports notebook in the Curatorial Office as well as an electronic copy on the hard drive of the computer in the curatorial office (there should be a /report directory). Provide a copy for the oncoming Curatorial Specialist to read at crossover.

Include the topics below in your Curatorial Report. Within each area, be sure to discuss any exceptional differences from standard procedures. Of course, adjust the contents as appropriate.

Summary – this might include a very brief statement on the locality and general cruise objectives.
Sample Totals – The Lab Officer will be looking for this number.

Shipments – Core – The Lab Officer will also be looking for this number.
Shipments – Sample, Express, Hand Carried, Frozen, Refrigerated

Emailed Files – a list of emailed files that were sent to the Curator and receiving repository Superintendent at the end of the cruise.

Action Items

Thin Sections
Smear Slides
Residue Distribution

Special Projects, which might include the following:

Unusual sample requests or
Curatorial Policies/Procedures: include information about cores, including any oddities important in core racking
Computing Hardware and Software
Curatorial Cookbook: copies and explanations of all changes made during the leg.
Action Items
Mention any special projects you attempted/completed during the cruise

Problems Encountered - Note any problems with equipment, supplies or anything else.

END OF LEG PAPERWORK

Final Cruise Sampling Plan

As soon as the last samples are taken you may finalize the Preliminary Cruise Sampling Plan, which then becomes the Final Cruise Sampling Plan. Complete the updating the SAMPLE MASTER Curation database, including the Sampling Detail screen. Produce the Final Cruise Sampling Plan (FCSP) via the web query. Export the document to MS Word and make final updates. Since the document is included in the IODP post-cruise publication, the Hole Summaries, it is important to make the document as accurate and complete as possible. Print five copies on the laser printer and give three copies (or as many copies as requested) to the Yeoperson for the Hole Summaries and include one copy in each of the Curatorial Notebooks. See Sampling Plans, Final Cruise Sampling Plan (page 22) of this document for step-by-step instructions on how to create a FCSP.

End of Leg Email Files

As of Leg 208, the Curator requested that essential end-of-leg curatorial files be emailed as attachments to him and to the Superintendent of the repository that is receiving the cores. Here is a summary table of all curatorial materials (samples, cores, files, etc.) and delivery method.

Email/Curator	Email/Core Receiving Repository	Express/Curator	Express/Core Receiving Repository	Regular Air Freight/Core Receiving Repository
Sample Shipment	Sample Shipment	Curatorial Notebook	Curatorial Notebook	All non-requested smear slides
Core Box Inventory	Core Box Inventory	cd with Cur Notebook files	cd with Cur Notebook files	All non- requested residues
Thin Section Inventory	Thin Section Inventory		cd with DIS composite images
Curatorial Report with Action Items	Curatorial Report with Action Items		b&w whole core photos
FCSP	FCSP		thin sections

CLEAN UP

After all the cores have been boxed and stored you may begin cleaning up the curatorial work areas. You should first insure that all sample material has been removed from the core lab and packed in the appropriate boxes.

Smear slides should be gathered up, placed in labeled cardboard trays and packed securely for shipping. Likewise, gather up all thin sections and take an inventory to make sure none are missing.

Sample bins should be emptied and cleaned. Check behind bins on the floor for any stray samples. Make sure that all samples have been removed from the labs on the foc'sle deck where residues and other samples may linger.

Packing Samples

The investigators' sample bins hold about 100 samples. As the bins fill, the sample bags should be packed into personal boxes labeled with the appropriate sample code. Before transferring the samples from the bins, check that each bag is sealed securely and labeled properly. Present bag sealers are not reliable, the bag appears to be sealed, but can easily be opened by running a fingers through the alleged seal. So you need to check each bag carefully before storing them in boxes. Samples occasionally get tossed into the wrong bins in the flurry of sampling activity. Inspection of sample bin contents also allows you a chance to check that sufficient volume is being taken.

The small freezer in the Core Lab also needs to be emptied regularly. Frozen samples should be transferred to the hold freezer for long-term storage. Frozen samples may be transferred to a garbage bag and packed in an insulated carton labeled with the appropriate sample code.

You need to work closely with the ALO to arrange a time to wrap foreign air freight, get shipping labels, correct addresses for shore based scientists and arrange for dry ice in portcall.

Core Lab Cleanup

After all sample material has been safely packed up for shipment it is time to clean up the Core Lab. The LO will probably assign you specific end of leg clean up duties. Pay particular attention to the sampling area. Even if you are not assigned to Core Lab cleanup duty, it’s a good idea to do a preliminary clean up of tools and equipment so your stuff won’t be in the way when the final clean up is done.

Try to restock the curatorial area for the oncoming Curatorial Specialist. Make sure the Curatorial Specialist's office on the Main Deck is looking neat and clean. Clear off the bulletin board, remove your personal items from the drawers, and straighten the bookshelves. It is also wise to clean up the PC hard disk and the Curatorial mail account.

Pack your personal box and give it to the ALO.

ONBOARD PREPARATION FOR POST-CRUISE SAMPLING PARTY

If your cruise is a busy one as far as core recovery and sampling, the science party may consider having a post-cruise sampling party at the remote repository where the cores will be stored. There are many things that you may do to prepare for this:

Try to get as many post-cruise sample requests as you can before the end of the leg. Make Sample Request Inventory Sheets available to the scientists (either electronically or hard copies) and instruct them how to fill them out. Let the scientists know when the deadline is for submitting post-cruise sample requests for the party if they need more time to think about it after the cruise.

Get copies of the composite section from each site from the stratigraphic correlator. Make sure there is sufficient overlap from one hole/core to another to ensure that there are no gaps. This way the folks at the Repository know before hand, which sections from which holes need to be pulled, and in what order they will be sampled.

Further Hints for Conducting a Successful Sampling Party in a Repository

Timing: Scientists should be given sufficient time after receiving core descriptions (Hole Summaries) to formulate detailed sample requests before the party. Experience from previous successful sampling parties leads us to recommend for sampling parties to be held no sooner than 3-4 months post-cruise.

Dedicated holes: The dedicated intervals should be specifically determined by the time the scientists receive the core descriptions. The scientists and Repository personnel should be made aware of where those intervals are. Any late modifications to the composite depths should be cleared up at least one week before the party so the Repository superintendents will have time to compose the sampling plans.

Deadline: The scientists should be given a realistic (see no. 2), but firm deadline by which time the detailed requests must be completed and turned in. In general about two weeks prior to the party commencing will allow sufficient time to review the requests from a curatorial viewpoint. Late arriving requests will be handled as quickly as possible. If there is an on-site Curator assigned to the sampling party then late arriving requests can be handled during the party. If necessary late arriving requests can be faxed to IODP/TAMU to expedite the review process. Scientists should keep in mind that the BCR is seven hours ahead of IODP/TAMU and it can take up to one day to get the required approvals.

The role of the co-Chief scientists: The co-Chief scientists are responsible for the science that will be accomplished on the samples. The final decision on the fate of each sample request, to the extent that it remains within the Sample Distribution Policy guidelines, rests in their hands. The Co-Chief scientists co-ordinate with the party attendees and the repository superintendent to select the sampling party dates.

The role of the Repository staff: The Repository staff helps the scientists guide their sampling needs so that it stays within curatorial policy, but still gives them what they require for their research. We will design sampling plans based on the approved sample requests. These plans will serve as a guide to the samplers during the party. We will have students available to rack and un-rack the cores. If the scientists stay at the same hotel, we may provide transportation to and from the hotel at the beginning and end of each sampling shift.

Note: In rare and unusual situations, it may be necessary to take cores on the ship with a plan to have them split on shore. If the cores will be sent to a Repository unsplit, then we strongly recommend that you have the core MST’d on the ship. Local facilities may not be available for use or compatible with shipboard data.

If cores are sent back unsplit then the sampling party must be held early enough so that the cores can be described and photographed for the IR volume. This would mean that the sampling party must be held prior to the first post-cruise meeting.

How to request samples: The requests will have to be reviewed prior to the sampling party to ensure that all the high resolution samples (those that exceed sampling policy) are taken from the dedicated intervals. If a request is to move back and forth between several holes using the composite depth, then reviewing the requests gets complicated so we want the sample lists two weeks prior to the scheduled party. We use the lists to generate a plan, similar to the white board on the ship but much more detailed. We assign intervals (cm levels) within each section and try to plot out each sample location. We take into consideration samples that were taken on the ship and attempt to provide intervals that are a continuation of the shipboard intervals. Assistance from the scientists will be graciously accepted.

"How detailed do the sample lists need to be?" If you are requesting samples from a single hole then yes, you can say I want samples (15cm3 in size) at 10cm intervals from Hole 976A from cores 1 through 20 ending in section 2 (for example). That would work fine.

BUT if a request is moving back and forth between the A hole and the B hole, then it gets complicated because we have to move your sampling back and forth across the composite depth. In order for us to make up the sampling plan, each scientist will have to word their request in the following terms: I want samples at 10 cm intervals (15 cm3 in size) from the Pleistocene through the Miocene in Site 976 and attach a sample list that states where they want the samples taken within the composite depth (see below).

976A -1 -1 10 cm through 976A -2 -3 50 cm

976A -5 -3 60 cm through 976A -7 -1 70 cm

976B -2 -4 40 cm through 976B -5 -1 20 cm

976B -7 -4 30 cm through 976B- 9 -5 40 cm

Samples will be shipped via UPS brown (4-5 day service) within the continent where the Repository resides. All other shipments will be sent via Airborne Express.

Travel arrangements: Scientists need to notify JOI of their plans. There are some limitations on the amount of expenses that can be reimbursed, and we have to have JOI approval before we can make any travel arrangements or advance any funds. For reference, these requirements are specified in the "Explanatory Notes, Co-Chief Scientist Supplement" that each co-chief receives from JOI prior to the cruise.

APPENDIXES

JOB DESCRIPTION - CURATORIAL MARINE SPECIALIST

[INSERT Figure 70 – So you want to be a Marine Laboratory Specialist.jpg]

TITLE: Seagoing Curatorial Scientist

SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY

Function: Performs routine curatorial tasks as necessary. Exercises reasonable scientific judgment and is familiar with the processes involved in scientific studies.

DUTIES

Seagoing: Must be able to go to sea up to 6 months per year as Curatorial Representative. In addition to curatorial responsibilities on board, she/he will be required to perform regular marine specialist duties, pack/unpack shipments of cores or other materials at sea, stand underway watches, and/or work in one of the specialized labs as assigned by the Lab Officer.

Supervising activities of multi-national scientific party doing sampling. Representing the Curator, enforcing NSF/IODP Curatorial Policy. Must be fully aware of curatorial policies at all times and correspond with the Curator as necessary.

Computerized database maintenance at sea. Responsible for computerized data entry of all sampling records. Must work closely with systems manager to correct, edit, and maintain sampling database. Must work closely with Marine technical staff and oversee scientific party to ensure correct data entry protocol. Be fully aware of new developments and implementations of shipboard sampling software and procedures.

Equipment maintenance - maintain sampling tools in a clean contamination free condition. Inspect and perform necessary maintenance and cleaning of sampling machinery (rock saw, drill, etc.), core handling equipment and refrigeration units. Report dangerous conditions or problems to Lab Officer.

Shore based: Sampling of core materials for scientific investigations - filling approved sample requests, which requires selection, labeling, computerized data entry of records.

Curation and storage of core material - unloading, inventorying, racking incoming core shipments. Install racks and shelves for storage, routine maintenance of damaged core containers.

Assist visitors desiring to inspect, sample or photograph cores and/or requesting information concerning IODP core handling policies and procedures. At times, this requires setting up core displays and demonstrations for visiting groups.

Routinely maintain the IODP core collection under the guidelines established by the Curator. This includes cleaning working halves as they are sampled, reconstructing the working halves to match the archive halves.

Occasional overtime required to meet shipping/receiving deadlines or in other special situations.

Other: Maintain storage and work areas in clean and orderly condition.

Prepare, edit and update sample records, special material catalogs, and various repository-based "informative mixed-media files."

Ensure procedures pertaining to IODP/DSDP cores comply with policies set forth by IODP, JOIDES advisory panels, and National Science Foundation.

Type routine correspondence using word processing and perform routine filing. Computerized data entry and proofreading will be required.

Manufacture thin sections, smear slides and perform other repository tasks as required by the Superintendent and/or other Supervisors.

Carry out other tasks and responsibilities both shipboard and Shore based as defined and required by Supervisors.

SUPERVISION

Received: Immediate supervision provided by the Repository Superintendent.

EDUCATION & TRAINING

Required: Bachelor's degree in earth sciences, oceanography or other science field required.

EXPERIENCE & SKILLS

Required: Experience in deep ocean coring, core handling and storage required. Must exercise good scientific judgment, work conscientiously at own initiative and work compatibly with the public, national and international scientific community. Good communication skills and English proficiency required.

Preferred: Knowledge experience in the fields of micropaleontology and/or igneous petrology desirable.

QUALIFICATIONS

Must pass seagoing physical annually. Must be able to climb ladders and steps; negotiate ship's corridors and ladders in "urgent situations", ability to assemble and dismantle sampling machinery; grasp and carry cores; must be able to carry weights in excess of 50 pounds. Must be able to read very fine print, discern instructions over the noise level of the sampling equipment, and to utilize the shipboard communication system.

The IODP Curatorial Specialist represents the IODP Curatorial Advisory Board’s sampling policies aboard the vessel. He/She assumes responsibility for the care and handling of cores and core samples as soon as the core liner is removed from the core barrel. Collecting samples is the responsibility of the entire shipboard scientific party under the supervision and assistance of the Curatorial Specialist. The Curatorial Specialist maintains records of all samples taken on board the vessel and ensures rigorous adherence to all policies regarding core handling, sampling procedures, and sample distribution.

On the beach the Curatorial Specialist is normally assigned to the Gulf Coast Repository, preparing for his/her next cruise, filling sampling requests, storing and maintaining the core collection, and assisting visitors. During each cruise the Curatorial Specialist should compile a list of priorities that she/he wishes to undertake during her stay at the Repository. The list should be presented to the Curator for approval as well as any additions.

During a busy leg, in addition to your duties as Marine Laboratory Specialist, you will work primarily with the Staff Scientist and the co-chiefs as a member of the Sample Allocation Committee. Any problems that the SAC is unable to resolve should be addressed to the IODP Curator. He will then contact the members of the CAB for a final decision.

CURATORIAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Draft as of June 2002

PRE-CRUISE

In preparation of an on-coming cruise, the Curatorial Specialist performs the following tasks:

Familiarize yourself with the upcoming cruise objectives, try to attend the pre-cruise meeting and read the cruise prospectus.
.For new hires, become acquainted with ODP Sample Distribution Policy (http://ship2.tamu.edu/publications/policy.html) and the Curatorial Cookbook.
Review sample requests as electronic copies are received. The Shore Curator (or Staff Scientist) will contact the MLS Curator to do a general review (over the phone or in person) of requests and discuss potential overlaps.
Flag requests that require special equipment or handling and notify the Lab Officer.
Read over the "Pre-Cruise Sampling Plan" (PCSP) spreadsheet sent to MLS Curator by the Staff Scientist and/or Shore Curator. Use this document as the basis for future shipboard sampling plans.

PORT CALL—ON COMING

Cross over with your off going counterpart. Review the curatorial report from the previous cruise together and address any significant changes to the Core Lab/Sampling Area, computer changes, database changes, and the curatorial cookbook. Be sure the off going Specialist provides sufficient information about off going frozen sample, ambient sample, core shipments and the status of any display/ PR cores.
Attend introductory meeting or any other safety or training meeting.
Finish the shipment of frozen samples prepared by the off-going Curator. Fill the insulated shipping container with dry ice or blue ice. Activate the temperature monitors before closing the container.
Guide and participate in the loading/unloading of cores and frozen shipment. Place temperature monitors in the back, middle and front of the refrigerated shipping container on individual core boxes. Tape a core box inventory list to one of the boxes. ). Give the other copy of the core box inventory to the MLC/ALO to include with the shipping papers.
Assist with loading/unloading other freight and perform other tasks as directed by the Lab Officer or Assistant Lab Officer.

SITE PREPARATION

There are many beginning-of-the-cruise curatorial tasks that may be tackled during port call. If the 'to-do' list below is too long, and the port call too short, they should be done while underway to the first site.

Obtain from the staff scientist any last minute sample requests that have been submitted by oncoming scientists and/or provide the Staff Scientist and Co-chiefs with the last minute requests they do not have. Remind those scientists who have yet to submit requests that they must do so before arriving at the first site.
Arrange a meeting with the Staff Scientist and Co-chiefs to discuss sample requests, conflicts and address the status of requests submitted by shore based participants. Also, discuss the operational plan for the upcoming sites.
Compile two notebooks of sample requests. Keep one available for use by the scientific party during the first few science meetings when sample strategy is discussed. Make another copy for your use. Attend as many of the sample discussions as possible, realizing that you won't be able to attend all of them because they may over lap.
Continually update copy of the Staff Scientist/Curator's Pre-Cruise Sampling Plan" spreadsheet (in Excel) as the sample requests are clarified and as conflicts are resolved.
In addition to the PCSP, for sediment legs, prepare a site sample plan. Divide plan into 'routine intervals" and 'special picks". See the Curatorial Cookbook for details. Circulate the PCSP and site sample plan to the Co-Chiefs and Staff Scientist for comments. Once approved, circulate the plans among the scientific party. Discuss any pertinent issues with the technical staff (e.g. IW whole rounds and other chemistry samples, Physical Properties samples, XRD samples, thin section billet samples, etc.).
Meet with the chemistry technicians and scientists before reaching the first site to discuss the Chemistry sampling plan for the leg. Provide them with copies of each request associated with the Chemistry Lab and with a list of sample codes to be used in the SAMPLE MASTER Sample application during the leg.
Enter sample codes into SAMPLE MASTER Curation.
Assign Leg/Roles for all scientists and technical staff in SAMPLE MASTER Curation.
Before arriving on site, post site sampling plan on the whiteboard near the sample table.
Set up the sampling area before arriving at the first site. This includes: stocking sampling supplies (see Curatorial Cookbook for list of supplies needed), gathering sampling tools, preparing the white board (as described above) and sample flags for each sample code.
Hold Core Lab orientation sessions. Begin each session with a catwalk/core lab tour, in which core handling and flow are discussed. At the core entry area, explain the coring summary table on the white board and the SAMPLE MASTER Core application. Make sure the scientists are aware of the numbering & labeling scheme of the cores. If you are on a hard rock leg be sure to discuss the orientation and labeling of pieces within the core. A senior technician may also do so.
Hold Core Lab orientation sessions for new technicians and all scientists.
Hold sampling classes for scientists. Introduce the scientists to the SAMPLE MASTER Sample application using Ship Test. Test print labels. Discuss sampling tools, techniques, and volumes, the whiteboard, and review the ODP sample distribution policy. Remind the scientists that no gold, platinum or other precious metal jewelry may be worn at either the sampling tables or anywhere else in the lab. Provide scientists with Nitrile gloves if they are unable to remove jewelry.
Assist the Staff Scientist with devising the scientist's sampling watch schedule (generally teams of two scientists, 2 hour shifts). Strive for 24 hours a day coverage. This is particularly important for cruises with heavy sampling plans.
Along with other Senior MLSs, train new technicians in the operation of Corelab equipment or instruments
Stand up to Underway watches in the Geophysical Lab as assigned by the Lab Officer.

For more details in these preparatory tasks, refer to the Curatorial Cookbook.

ON SITE ACTIVITIES

In consultation with the Lab Officer and ALO, the MLS Curator oversees and monitors the handling of all cores on the catwalk, in the lab and in the storage areas. He or she assures smooth core handling operations by interfacing with scientists and fellow technicians as well as overseeing all sampling activities in the Corelab. The Curator stays in close contact with the MLS Chemists to assure that the chemistry lab sampling needs are being met. The Curator performs all the Core Lab tasks described in the Core Lab SOP (see section II) and many other tasks, including:

Taking the responsibility for proper handling of special cores (including soupy cores, expanding cores, cores with split liners, H₂S cores, and cores with critical intervals (e.g. K/T boundary, volcanic glass, sulfides, sapropel, etc.). Refer to the curatorial cookbook for specific instructions on how to handle these cores.
Oversee the sampling process, assuring that all scientists are well trained in sampling techniques and understand the posted whiteboard plan. The Curator fills-in at the sample table whenever there is a gap in the scientists sampling schedule or the sampling regime backs up the core flow in the lab.
Correct sample data entry errors in SAMPLE MASTER Sample.
Cut thin section billets. Assure that the Thin Section Request Form is properly filled-out.
Organize and oversee hard rock sampling parties. This includes assisting the Staff Scientist and Co-Chiefs in sorting out conflicts over proposed sample and with the help of the fellow technicians, cutting the samples with the drill press or Felker Saw. If conflicts cannot be fully worked out by the investigators, then the SAC must decide.
With Staff Scientist, send email to Shore Curator listing approval status of all requests.
Organize and oversee the re-sampling of cores.
Pack all samples.
Compile a cruise Curatorial Notebook which should include the following:

Action items (for the Shore Curator or Repository Superintendent)
Curatorial Report
Request Status List
Request #/Sample Code List
Pre-Site to Site Conversion
Core Box Inventory
Any unusual information relating to curation or requests (e.g. emails, memos )
Thin Section Inventory
Smear Slide Inventory
Final Cruise Sampling Plan (FCSP)
Diskette with electronic versions of all of the above (except the Core Box Inventory). If the MLS Curator is ASPP, it's also a good idea to hand carry a copy of the same diskette home in case the Shore Curator or Superintendent of the repository needs to contact the MLS Curator.

Update Curatorial Cookbook as needed.

For more details, refer to the Curatorial Cookbook.

END OF LEG ACTIVITIES

Complete the updating the SAMPLE MASTER Curation database, including the Sampling Detail screen. Produce a Final Cruise Sampling Plan (FCSP) via the web query. If necessary, makes final updates to the FCSP in MS Word. Print it out and give copies to the Yeoperson for inclusion in the Hole Summaries. Put a copy in the Curatorial Notebook.
If needed, do preliminary preparations (i.e. a spreadsheet) for the post-cruise sampling party. Include this in the Curatorial Notebook.
Compile inventory lists of Thin Sections and Smear Slides for the Curatorial Notebook.
Make sure all data are in SAMPLE MASTER before the MCSs cut off database access. All non- essential files should be erased from the hard disk of the PC in the Curatorial Office and the Curation folder in Tech on the server.
Write the end-of-leg Curatorial report, give a copy to the Lab Officer and Yeoperson. Put a copy in the Curatorial Notebook
Put the completed Curatorial Notebook in the Lab Officer's express shipment box in the Technician's office.
Pack all remaining samples in personal boxes labeled with the appropriate sample code. Seal personal boxes and let the MLS/ALO know when you are finished.
Prepare the frozen sample shipment. Refer to the curatorial cookbook for procedure.
Re-supply the curatorial area in the Core Lab for incoming Curator.
Give the Lab Officer a list for port purchases if any.

At the end of the leg, it is the responsibility of the Curator to clean the Curatorial Office and to help in the final clean up of the Core Lab as described in the Core Lab SOP.

PORT CALL—OFF GOING

Find the oncoming marine specialist(s) for your lab and cross over.
Attend port call meeting.
Unload off going air freight and frozen shipment, or any freight as required. Load on coming freight if time permits.

MLC SHIPPING GUIDELINES

(excerpts from the MLC Handbook, June 2002)

SCOPE: This guide is intended to help the user put together a shipment from the ship and inform the user of the different details to achieve a successful shipment.

PURPOSE - The purpose of shipping paperwork is to identify every item that is being shipped off the ship. It is very important that every item in a box or container is listed on the paperwork. Heavy fines and penalties can be assessed if the shipping paperwork is not accurate.

DEFINITIONS

SHIPPER - Entity doing the shipping. In the majority of the cases this will be The Ocean Drilling Program.

CONSIGNEE - The entity to whom the item is “Shipped To”. The final entity who will receive the shipment. In other words, the consignee is the person or entity you are sending the item to.

SHIPMENT - All items that are being shipped to a location. You cannot split a shipment between locations. But multiple shipments can be shipped to the same location. Example: You cannot ship items in a 40 ft. shipping container to different locations. But you can have different shipments going to the same location in a 40 ft shipping container.

USA SHIPMENTS - Shipments that are addressed to the USA need to be shipped to Ocean Drilling Program, C/O Panalpina Inc. All items will then be forwarded to their final location in the USA usually via UPS. This method allows for IODP to deal with U.S. Customs and clearing all items into the USA. There are exceptions to this guideline. They will be mentioned when they apply.

FOREIGN SHIPMENTS - Foreign shipments are defined as any shipment that is not being shipped to the USA.

FREIGHT CODE - This is a short code that IODP uses to identify shipments. These codes are specific codes identifying the shipping vehicle (SURF, FLAT, CORE) or an airport code that identifies the closest international airport to the final destination. (NRT = Narita Airport Japan, LHR = London Heathrow airport) There is a list of the airport codes in the S2S program.

General Information

ADDRESSES - All addresses must be complete and include phone number, fax number and email address. The address cannot contain a Post Office Box as part of the address. Courier services such as DHL, Federal Express, United Parcel Service, etc. will not ship to a Post Office Box.

LABELING - All items must be labeled with the “Ship To” address. This can be the shipping paperwork in a “packing list” envelope or spray painted with a stencil. Please take care to securely attach the label so it will arrive at its destination.

PARCELS NUMBER - Every item should be assigned a parcel number. This number should be written on the item to match it to the paperwork.

REQUIRED ITEM INFORMATION - Any piece of equipment given to you for shipment needs to have the following information: IODP No., Description, Value, Serial Number, Country of Manufacture, Date Exported and Model Number.

WHAT ITEMS NEED PAPERWORK?

-Any item that comes off the ship must be manifested with shipping paperwork. “Any item” is defined as anything that will be shipped by land, ocean or air either locally or internationally for IODP or anyone affiliated with IODP. This does not include Transocean Sedco Forex, Catermar or Supply Oilfield Services. The only exception to this is hand carry items. Hand carry items do not require shipping paperwork as it is considered part of personal luggage. Though, if any person requests shipping paperwork for any hand carry item please create the paperwork for them.

SURFACE FREIGHT

SURFACE FREIGHT - Surface freight is defined as any item that is being shipped in a container, refrigerator ,flat rack or shipped Break Bulk. Containers, refrigerators and flat racks are devices that are used to ship items long distances usually via ocean. Surface freight will be transported by truck when ship docks on the Continental US.

Bill of Lading (BOL) - A legal document that the shipping company uses to ship a container, refrigerator or flat rack aboard a vessel. This document contains information such as container numbers, seal numbers and weight, vessels shipped upon and port of discharge.

-Be aware that load limit cannot exceed 40,000 pounds per container, refrigerator, or flat rack.

-IODP surface shipments (SURF, FLAT) are made up of items being returned to owner for repair. These items are generally shipped to the below address.

Ship To:

Ocean Drilling Program (T.A.M.U.) ATTN: Robert Mitchell

C/O Panalpina Fax: (979) 845-2374

1000 Discovery Dr.

College Station, TX. 77845

U.S.A.

Phone: (979) 845-5780

-You can put more than one freight code into a container but you cannot split a freight code between containers. If you need to use more than one container then you should split the items between freight codes (Example SURF1, SURF2); same for FLATS. Flats need to have the items strapped using 2" banding not chain boomers. Railroads will not accept flats that use chain boomers and this delays the shipment. Containers need to be properly blocked and braced before sealing. It is good practice to record the container, refrigerator or flat rack number and seal number.

DRILLING EQUIPMENT - Information on the IODP drilling equipment that will be shipped back at the end of the leg can be obtained from the Core Techs. A note to the wise, if there are any special engineering projects happening during the leg it is a good idea to grab the paperwork at the beginning of the leg. This way you will have it at the end of the leg.

- All drilling equipment will need to have a “packing list” attached to it and the address spray painted on the item. The Core Tech will take you around the ship and point out the different items that are to be shipped off at the end of the leg. It is up to the Lab Officer and you to determine how the different shipments will be put together. You need to determine how many and how much can be put on the different flat racks and containers.

GAS BOTTLES - In the description of each gas bottle the following statements should be included: “Empty and Purged Gas Bottle” and “Made in USA”. Gas bottles must be fully bled off before placement in a container or hefty fines could result. Gas bottles should also be the last items placed in the container. It is highly discouraged placing gas bottles on a flat rack unless placed in a fully enclosed crate.

CORE SHIPMENTS

-Core shipments are split into two types: Sedimentary and Hard Rock. All sedimentary cores must be shipped in a refrigerator container that will be set at 40 degrees F. (~4 degrees C.). Hard Rock cores may be shipped in a dry container. This must be confirmed with the staff scientist. If there are both Sedimentary and Hard Rock cores all must be put into a refrigerator. All effort to keep a legs cores together must be attempted. Sediment core shipments should have the freezer strips put on them by the oncoming Curatorial Specialist. There should also be a temperature recorder put into a sediment core shipment if one is available.

-Core shipments will be shipped to the appropriate repository depending upon the drilling location. Consult the Staff Scientist, Lab Officer, Curator or Logistics Coordinator if you are unsure. Below are the shipping addresses for the different repositories:

IMPORTANT ADDRESSES

Gulf Coast Repository (GCR) Bremen Core Repository (BCR)

Ocean Drilling Program (T.A.M.U.) Ocean Drilling Program (BCR)

.C/O Panalpina Universitat Bremen

1000 Discovery Dr. Konsul-Smidt Str 30,Schuppen 3

College Station, TX. 77845 D-28217 Bremen, Germany

U.S.A. Attn: Walter Hale

Phone:(979) 845-5780 Telephone: 49-421-396-6336

ATTN: Robert Mitchell Fax: 49-421-396-6684

Fax: (979) 845-2374

East Coast Repository (ECR) West Coast Repository (WCR)

East Coast Repository West Coast Repository

Ocean Drilling Program Scripps Institute of Oceanography

LDGO La Jolla, CA 92093

Palisade, NY 10964 Attn: Jerry Bode

Phone: 845-365-8446 Phone: 858-534-1657

Fax: 845-365-8178 Fax: 858-534-4555

AIR FREIGHT

AIR FREIGHT - Air Freight are items that will be shipped via air cargo, or courier service. Air cargo shipments utilize Air Waybills and courier services utilize tracking numbers.

Air Waybill (AWB) - A legal document issued by the airline that is transporting items tendered for shipment. This document is used by the airline to track the item to its destination.

Courier Service - Courier services are companies that specialize in shipping small packages quickly around the world. These are companies such as Federal Express, DHL, UPS, TNT and Airborne Express. Courier services utilize tracking numbers to track these packages. The tracking numbers can be accessed via the web to locate where a package is in the shipping stream.

REGULAR AIR FREIGHT

Regular Air Freight (RAF) is defined as Air Freight shipments being sent to B/CS and should be addressed as below.

Ship To:

Ocean Drilling Program (T.A.M.U.)

C/O Panalpina

1000 Discovery Dr.

College Station, TX. 77845

U.S.A.

Phone: (979) 845-5780

ATTN: Robert Mitchell

Fax: (979) 845-2374

- Regular Air Freight is composed of scientific data, samples, and equipment for repair. This also includes equipment belonging to scientists that reside in the US. If any equipment is to be shipped back to the US it should be shipped through IODP in B/CS. No personal effects should EVER be in RAF. RAF is usually shipped in Yellow boxes and Cardboard K-Boxes.

- Please only use the gray plastic K-boxes as a last resort. The empty weight of a gray plastic box is 150 lbs. For example, at a cost of $2 per lb. of air freight that is $300 for just the crate.

- Any equipment that is shipped back should have the Additional Customs Information filled out on the paperwork. Please remember that the country of manufacture is important information. There is no country with the name “other” “Other” is not acceptable for the country of manufacture. If you cannot find a country of manufacture on an item please default to “Made in USA”.

PERSONAL EFFECTS

-Personal Effects Shipments (PERS) are made up of personal items that IODP ships back to the scientists or technicians.

-U.S. Customs Form 3299 - This is a form that identifies the items as unaccompanied luggage and allows the items to enter the USA. Any personal box that is to be shipped to the USA must have a U.S. Customs form 3299 filled out and signed by the owner of the personal effects. This form does not need to be filled out by non-USA scientists.

-Non-USA scientists are responsible for clearing their personal effects through their Customs so we do not put any restrictions on items that can be shipped. Though the number of boxes does not change.

- Personal effects shipped to the USA are sent on a separate AWB from other RAF to B/CS and distributed across the country. This allows IODP to handle US. Customs and clear the items into the USA.

-Due to United States Customs being very strict we must restrict the items that can be shipped back to the USA. The lab officer has a list of the items that you cannot put in a PERS shipment, but electronics, equipment and obvious foreign purchases are forbidden. Please take batteries out of flashlights and do not ship anything hazardous that may be confused with personal items such as cigarette lighters, matches, etc.

-Before any personal effects shipments can be closed, they must be inspected by the Lab Officer and the acting storekeeper. This must be done together. This is to prevent non-sanctioned items from being shipped and to provide security for the storekeeper and Lab Officer. These boxes are to be sealed with the security tape.

- Any shipments that contain non-sanctioned items must have the items removed and given back to the owner. If you have a situation where that is not possible such as a technician who has quit, the personal effects are to be sent as a separate PERS shipment. This should still be sent to B/CS and NOT directly to the owner in the USA.

FOREIGN AIR FREIGHT

- Foreign Air Freight (FAF) is defined as any equipment, samples, personal effects of scientists or technicians that are not living in the USA.

- Please consolidate the FAF as few packages as possible to be sent to the final address. We generally wrap the packages in plastic wrap to provide additional protection while in transit. Address labels are placed directly on the package and also on the plastic wrap.

-The freight code used is the closest international airport code to their work address. IODP will pay for the shipping of FAF but cannot help the individual scientist with Customs service in the different member countries. It is the scientists or technicians responsibility to clear their shipments through their country’s Customs Service. In addition check with the scientist about their country if some specific words in the description will hinder their shipment from entering their country. Some countries are more restrictive than others.

- Since scientists are responsible for clearing their shipments it is good practice to keep the value of samples low. They must pay any duties. A value of $50 per box is good. Do not go lower than $50 otherwise if lost there is no incentive for the shipping company to look for any lost shipments.

EXPRESS SHIPMENTS

- Express Shipments (EXP) are defined as shipments that are sent via courier services to B/CS. They mostly consist of prime data and last minute paperwork. These are items that are shipped according to the Data Distribution List compiled by the Lab Officer.

-Any equipment that needs to be shipped by courier back to B/CS should be sent separately from any other data and with a different freight code from other express shipments. (EXP2 ) This is to allow for the fastest transit time for prime data. Equipment and electronics can be held up in U.S. Customs.

The address for Prime Data Express Shipments is:

Ocean Drilling Program

1000 Discovery Dr.

College Station, TX 77845

USA

Phone: 979-845-5780

Fax: (979) 845-2374

-We have started to send the different types of Prime Data in different boxes. For Example, all photographic items are sent in one box Attn: John Beck. Also, the Curatorial Notebook is sent in a separate box Attn: Mimi Bowman, and the same with the Prime data sent to the attention of the Data Librarian (Paula Clark). I would recommend the continuation of this practice.

OTHER SHIPMENTS

LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY (LDEO)

- All shipments sent by air cargo or courier service are sent directly to LDEO at the following address Hint: Talk to the Lamont people toward the end of the leg and remind them to get any shipping information to you as soon as possible. Otherwise, you will get it at the last minute when you are the busiest. The freight code for Lamont Doherty is LDEO.

Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory

Borehole Research Group Attn: Walt Masterson

Route 9W Phone: 845-365-8610

Palisades, NY 10964 Fax: 845-365-3182

USA

- There are occasionally surface freight shipments that will be shipped for LDEO. These are usually shipped inside the IODP container and will be addressed as “Ship To: Ocean Drilling Program, C/O Panalpina Inc. etc. In the parcel description will have the “remove and forward to” LDEO address. This will still have an LDEO Freight Code.

SCHLUMBERGER WELL SHIPMENT (SWS)

-Schlumberger Well Service is contracted to LDEO and IODP provides Logistics support for them. The majority of the items will be shipped via air to the following address:

Schlumberger Well Service

369 Tristar Dr.

Webster, TX 77598

USA

Attn: Kerry Swain or Larry Cohrs

Phone: (281) 480-2000

Fax: (281) 480-9550

- Shipping information is obtained from the Schlumberger Engineer.

COLD SHIPMENTS (Blue Ice)

-The Curatorial Specialist is responsible for the packing of samples. The frozen or cold shipments should be completed as much as possible. The oncoming crew should at the most have to add the samples and the blue ice and seal the boxes. The sample boxes should be prepared, in place and ready to receive the samples and blue ice.

-The storekeeper is responsible for the correct addressing and labeling of the shipment. Cold shipments are no different from an FAF shipment other than they are usually in igloos or insulated boxes. You can put the samples and the blue ice into the box ahead of time and weigh it then remove the samples and blue ice for storage until the port call. This allows you to produce the “Pallet Packing List” ahead of time and affix it to the correct package. These shipments should be shipped directly to scientists in the US. They will be responsible for clearing U.S. Customs. There are labels that say “Keep Cool” and “Do Not Freeze” that should be applied to these packages

FROZEN SHIPMENTS (Dry Ice)

- Please notify the Lab Officer and the Logistics Coordinator as soon as possible that you are going to be shipping samples in dry ice. The Curatorial Specialist can help you determine if there are going to be any dry ice shipments.

- The insulated cardboard shipping boxes are first choice for any dry ice shipment. If you run out of the cardboard boxes, it is okay to substitute the plastic igloos. If the frozen shipment is unusually heavy then please use the plastic igloos for the dry ice shipment.

-As a general guideline we use 13 25 Kg (30 lbs. as of World Courier use, Nov 2004) of dry ice per insulated shipping box. Dry Ice shipments are hazardous shipments and require specific instructions. The boxes should be properly labeled and ready to go. If the samples are in the -80 freezer then the insulated box should be outside the freezer ready to go. The oncoming crew should only have to add the dry ice, samples and seal the box. The Curatorial Specialist is responsible for making up the insulated boxes and putting the samples in the boxes. The storekeeper is responsible for labeling, marking and the paperwork for the dry ice shipment.

- The storekeeper should also place “KEEP FROZEN” stickers on the frozen shipment.

INSULATED BOX Instructions

The insulated box should have the following information on the box.

Ship To: Scientist Address

From: IODP

Print on one side of the insulated box in the upper left corner the following:

Dry Ice (25 kg)

UN1845

Also place on the side of the box a Class 9 Miscellaneous sticker on the same side of the box. This is a square label that has black and white strips on the top half and a “9" in the bottom.

Paperwork Instructions

The “Pallet Packing List” should have the following information in the Item description area.

Dangerous Goods - Shipper’s Declaration not required

Frozen Deep Sea Sediment Samples

Carbon Dioxide, solid

9 UN1845

1 X 25 kg.

HAZARDOUS SHIPMENTS

- Hazardous Shipments are defined as articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or to property when transported by land, air or ocean and are classified according to IATA, IMDG and 49 CFR regulations. In simple language these are items that are composed of chemicals or are in pressurized containers or are considered dangerous.

- If you come upon any item that you are asked to ship that you might think is hazardous immediately notify the Lab Officer and the Logistics Coordinator. Please do not hesitate to ask. Hazardous shipments require training and certification. The Logistics Coordinator will need your help with the shipment but defer the shipment to them.

- Hazardous shipments require special packaging, labeling and additional paperwork. Due to the nature of Dangerous Goods there can be delays in shipping due to the special considerations in shipping Dangerous Goods.

MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES

Descriptions - Be careful when creating descriptions of items that may trigger Customs to take a closer look at items and hold up the shipment. Descriptions such as “Air Gun”, “Bomb”, while used by the Geology community to describe an item should not be used for shipping. Be creative and alter the description to describe the items. An example would be using “Seismic Sound Device” to describe an “Air Gun”

Location Sheet - A location sheet is a one page sheet of paper with a list of all pallets that will be shipped by freight code, abbreviated description and ship location. This is used by the oncoming crew to located and off-load all items for shipping. It will also provide an understanding of how a shipment is arranged. Such as which items are going in which container and on what flat rack. Below are brief examples

Surface Freight

SURF 001 K-BOX CASE

SURF 002 30' KNOBBY FWD RAK

Foreign Air Freight

NRT1 001 4X Box GYM

NRT2 001 P-box GYM

CURATOR’S GLOSSARY

Note: The Shipboard Curatorial Office should have hard copies of an English language dictionary and a Glossary of Geology at all times.

AA - atomic absorption

AABW - Antarctic Bottom Water

AAG - Australo-Antarctic Gulf

ACC - Antarctic Circumpolar Current

ACORK -advanced circulation obviation retrofit kit

AD -(1) assistant driller [drilling]

Adara temperature tool - brand name of the temperature tool

ADCB -advanced diamond core barrel

advanced hydraulic piston corer -APC

AF -alternating field (demagnetization)

AFM -atomic force microscopy

A-frame -the structural support frame at the top of the derrick; used for servicing the crown block

AFS -atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

AFT -ash fusion temperature (coal analysis)

AHC -active heave compensator

airway bill for air-freight shipments -AWB

allochthonous -of foreign origin

alternating field -AF (demagnetization)

AMST -archive multisensor track

anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility -AMS

Antarctic Bottom Water AABW

Antarctic Circumpolar Current ACC

APC advanced hydraulic piston corer

APCT advanced hydraulic piston corer temperature tool

ARM anhysteretic remanent magnetization

atm. atmosphere

ATP adenosine triphosphate (microbiology)

autochthonous produced in-situ

AWB airway bill for air-freight shipments

b.y. billion years

B/L bill of lading for surface (ocean) freight [logistics]

barite (bar) barium sulfate; finely ground barite in suspension used to increase the density of drilling mud

barrel sheet

BCR Bremen Core Repository at Bremen, Germany

benthic

bentonite (gel) sodium montmorillonite clay; finely ground bentonite mixed with water to impart viscosity to drilling mud used for cleaning hole

BHA bottom-hole assembly [drilling]

BHP bottom-hole pressure

BHSIP bottom-hole shut-in pressure

BHT bottom-hole temperature

BHTV borehole televiewer downhole tool

bit cutting device at the end of the drill string that advances the hole when rotated

bit deplugger punch-type device resembling heavy-walled pipe that is attached to the bottom of an inner core barrel and pumped down the pipe to clear the bit throat of clay, cuttings, nodules, or other obstructions; similar to the core breaker and center bit

bit sub lowermost drill collar; also houses the float valve (also the lower support bearing in the case of the RCB system)

blowout uncontrolled flow of formation fluid to the surface, resulting from loss of contained pressure in the well bore; blowouts can be catastrophic and result in loss of hole, rig, and life

BOMB carbonate analysis (sample designation mostly defunct) [curation]

BOP (1) blowout preventer [drilling]; (2) device for sealing either an annular space or the entire well bore against formation pressure to prevent uncontrolled flow to the surface

BRG Borehole Research Group, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

BSR bottom-simulating reflector

bulk density

C₁/C₂ methane/ethane ratio

C₆₊ hexane and higher hydrocarbons

circa; only used with age or time; use "about" with any other unit

casing steel pipe used to line a hole against collapse or erosion or to isolate the bore from formation fluid or pressure; casing of various sizes can be set by means of the reentry cone, HRB, or DIC systems; in some modes, the casing can be cemented into place

catwalk on JOIDES Resolution, the casing-hold hatch cover, but "catwalk" may also be used in reference to the core-handling platform or the area of the piperacker located between the bays and occupied by the skate track

CB center bit [drilling]

CC core catcher

CCD carbonate compensation depth or calcite compensation depth

cement finely ground Portland cement in a water slurry, used to secure casing strings and to plug holes when they are abandoned; oilfield cement differs from concrete in that no aggregate is used

center bit device attached to the bottom of an inner core barrel to blank off the center hole of the core bit in certain drilling situations

CHN carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer

ChRM characteristic remanent magnetization

CI (1) crystallization index; (2) contour interval

circulating head sometimes known as a "poorboy swivel"; a device for attaching a circulating hose directly to the top of the drill string; it saves time over picking up the top drive when circulation is desired without the necessity for rotation

Clathrate - Gas hydrates are naturally occurring icelike solids in which water molecules trap gas molecules in a cagelike structure known as a clathrate. Although many gases form hydrates in nature, methane hydrate is by far the most common; methane is the most abundant natural gas. The volume of carbon contained in methane hydrates worldwide is estimated to be twice the amount contained in all fossil fuels on Earth, including coal. Gas hydrate also occurs as nodules, laminae, and veins within sediment and, in some cases as a pure gas hydrate layers, meters thick. Interest in natural gas hydrates will

cm³ cubic centimeter, use “cm^3”not "cc"

CNS carbon-nitrogen-sulfur analyzer

coeval same age; contemporary

compressional wave velocity P-wave velocity; seismic wave

core barrel generally, the chamber that receives a core as it is formed; ODP coring systems utilize both outer and inner core barrels

core bit bit especially designed to cut around and form a core for retrieval and sampling; essentially a drill bit with a hole in the center; special features provide for trimming, guiding, and protecting the core as it passes through the bit

core breaker chisel-shaped device similar to a center bit that is attached to an inner core barrel; it is pumped down the drill string to break up and/or dislodge core pieces or other debris that may be obstructing the bit throat

core catcher [n., adj.] one-way device analogous to a check valve that prevents core from falling from the inner core barrel once it has entered. CC

core liner plastic tube inside the inner core barrel in which the core is encased; an ODP core usually is removed from the inner barrel with the liner and remains in that liner for sectioning, splitting, description, sampling, and eventual storage

CORELOG database program for core-inventory information [ODP]

C_org organic carbon

coring advancing a hole for the purpose of retrieving core

coring line wire rope with which the inner core barrels are retrieved; analogous to the "sand line" of an oil field-drilling rig

coring system combination of bit, BHA components, and retrievable components designed to recover cores under specified conditions and lithologies

coring winch custom-built winch designed for ODP coring and located one level above the drawworks; it features full redundancy (except for the motor), with coring lines installed on two winch drums so coring need not be interrupted in case of mechanical failure of the winch or coring line

CORK circulation obviation retrofit kit; mechanical borehole seal retrofitted to a reentry cone after coring and wireline measurements are completed; it prevents circulation into or out of the borehole and can be fitted with a sensor assembly that extends down the hole to measure temperature and/or pressure, sample borehole fluid, etc.

CP cross-polarization

CRC concurrent range zone (biostratigraphy)

CRM chemical remanent magnetization

crown top of the derrick; the crown area is occupied by the "water table" platform and the crown-block assembly crown block array of six drilling-line sheaves that forms the upper end of the rig's hoisting system

CRZ carbonate reduction zone

CT coring technician [drilling]

CTD concentration/temperature/depth recorder

CUB concentric underreaming bit

curate (a hard rock core) – to add dividers (plastic separators) between non-contiguous rock pieces. A curated length is measured after dividers are glued in.

cut and slip maintenance/safety operation performed to extend the life of the drilling line; it is necessary to slack the line by hanging it off the traveling block; then the line is "slipped" through the entire system by about 30 m, and that much wire is cut from the end; the action must be done whenever a prescribed number of ton-miles has accrued, and it occasionally interrupts tripping or coring operations for about 11/2 hours

cutting shoe "business" end of an XCB inner core barrel; the cutting shoe extends past the main core bit and actually forms the core

cuttings accumulated fragments of rock or sediment produced by the drilling operation

DBD dry bulk density

DBMI drill-bit motion indicator [drilling]

DC drill collar [drilling]

DCB diamond core barrel [drilling]

DCS diamond coring system [drilling]

DC-SQUID direct-current superconducting quantum interference device (paleomag)

décollement a detachment fault

derrick tower of the drilling rig above the drill floor; JOIDES Resolution's derrick is rated at 650 tons' working load and stands about 60 m above the floor

derrickman contractor employee whose primary responsibilities are operation and maintenance of the pipe-handling equipment and circulating pumps; his station is on the "monkey board" in the derrick when the BHA or pipe is being racked in the derrick

DES dual-elevator stool on the rig floor (the top of the DES is the point from which drill pipe measurements are made) [drilling]

diamond coring system (DCS) complete and separate coring system incorporating the advantages of small-diameter, high-speed, narrow-kerf coring as developed by the mining industry; a small drilling rig is suspended in the derrick of the drillship, and a small-diameter drill string operates inside the standard drill string, which acts as a marine riser; the small-diameter drill string is rotated by a high speed top drive, and core is cut by a diamond core bit; retrieval of the inner barrels is accomplished by a smaller coring winch on the suspended rig; the system is designed for hard-rock coring applications in fractured and/or glassy material

diapirs dome-like structures broken out at top from underneath

DML downhole measurements laboratory aboard JOIDES Resolution (a.k.a. "DHML" and "DHL") [logging]

DO dissolved oxygen

DOC dissolved organic carbon

dope thread lubricant for drilling tubulars; usually consists of grease with a high concentration of lead, zinc, or copper particles

DP (1) dynamic positioning [ship]; (2) drill pipe [drilling]

DPM drill-pipe measurement [drilling]

DPO dynamic-positioning operator [ship]

DPS dynamic positioning system [ship]

DQ Dril-Quip, manufacturer of casing-running tools [drilling]

DR dead reckoning [ship]

drawworks main hoisting winch of the drilling rig

drill bit bit designed for making hole without coring; usually of tri- cone construction; drilling is more efficient with a drill bit, but coring is not an option with a drill bit

drill collar [n., adj.] heavy-walled tubular, which is the principal BHA component; the main purpose of drill collars is to provide weight on bit (WOB) for the drilling/coring operation; in addition, the lowermost drill collar is modified to serve as the outer core barrel in ODP coring BHAs

drill floor [n., adj.] also "rig floor" or "floor"; the main work platform of the drilling rig; location of the rotary table, iron roughneck, dual elevator system, tuggers, etc.

drill pipe [n., adj.] relatively thin-walled tubular that is the main component of the drill string; to maximize depth capability, tensile strength of the drill string is maximized relative to its weight; for that reason, ODP drill pipe is special high-strength heat-treated steel, and a tapered drill string is used, with larger pipe at the top; drill pipe is always run in tension, or it will twist off; therefore all bit weight is supplied by drill collars

drill string [n., adj.] entire drilling assembly supported by the hoisting system‹extending from the top drive or kelly to the bit

driller contractor employee in charge of actual drilling/coring operation; operates the hoisting equipment and supervises the drill crew; reports to the pusher

drill-in casing an experimental system of implanting casing while the hole is being drilled rather than setting casing as a secondary operation. The casing does not have to be hung from the surface with a reentry cone.

drilling advancing a hole without retrieving or attempting to recover core; sometimes referred to as "washing"

drilling fluid [n., adj.] fluid medium required for rotary drilling to remove cuttings, cool and lubricate the bit, condition the hole, control formation pressure, etc.; in ODP operations, it is seawater with occasional "slugs" of drilling mud; in other operations, it may be drilling mud, fresh water, air, gas, foam, or mist

drilling line heavy wire cable of the hoisting system

DRM depositional (or detrital) remanent magnetization

DS drilling superintendent [drilling]

DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project

dual elevator system pipe-handling system modified for use with high-strength pipe that substitutes a second elevator set for slips when the drill string is landed at the drill floor

DVTP Davis-Villinger temperature probe

DW drawworks [drilling]

DWOB downhole weight on bit

EAC East Antarctic Current

ECR East Coast Repository, ODP core repository at LDEO

Eh redox (oxygen reduction) potential

elevator device that locks around the drill-pipe tube to support the pipe when the larger diameter of the tool joint rests upon the smaller diameter of the latched elevator

EMPA electron microprobe analysis

EMPSA Electro-resistance Multichannel Particle-Size Analyzer

EMS electronic multishot instrument [drilling]

end cap [n., adj.]

Eocene Impact (NP21) – Evidence exists to support the occurrence of at least two large closely spaced extraterrestrial impact events on Earth during early late Eocene time. In particular, two large craters (order ~100 km diameter; Chesapeake Bay, North America and Popigai, Northern Siberia) have been proposed to explain impact-ejecta strewn fields that are documented in deep-sea sediments from around the world.

Eocene-Oligocene Boundary – The Eocene-Oligocene transition of 34 million years ago was a critical turning point in Earth´s climatic history, when the warm, high-diversity "greenhouse" world of the early Eocene ceded to the glacial, "icehouse" conditions of the early Oligocene.

EOM extractable organic matter

EOP end of pipe

evaporates- rock composed of minerals precipitated from solutions concentrated by evaporation (halite = NaCl, gypsum = CaSO₄ · 2H₂O (hydrous calcium sulfate) and anhydrite = CaSO₄(calcium sulfate, i.e. gypsum without water)).

FCSP final cruise sampling plan (end-of-cruise summary of each sample request for a leg; included in Hole Summary) [curation]

FFF free-fall funnel (a.k.a. minicone) [drilling]

fish any object remaining in a hole that is not attached to the drill string and needs to be removed

FISH fluorescent in-situ hybridization (microbiology)

fishing tool any device, such as an overshot, spear, or mill, that is used to break up a fish or to remove it from a hole

float valve check valve in the drill string, usually just above the bit, that permits the circulation of drilling fluid down the pipe but prevents backflow of fluid and cuttings into the drill string

FMS Formation MicroScanner logging tool [logging]

forward front of ship [shipboard]

FV flapper valve

FZ (1) fracture zone; (2) fault zone

g/cm³ grams per cubic centimeter unit for density (do not use cc)

Ga billions of years before the present

Gas Hydrate – see clathrate

gas hydrate [n., adj.]

GCR Gulf Coast Repository at TAMU [ODP]

GEBCO General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans

GER Geriatric Core Study [curation]

GHSZ gas hydrate stability zone

GMT Greenwich Mean Time (replaced by UTC) — generic mapping tools

go-devil a tool that free-falls down the drill pipe [logging]

GPS Global Positioning System (satellite navigation system) [ship]

GPTS geomagnetic polarity time scale

GR natural gamma ray logging tool [logging]

GRAPE (1) gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluator (bulk-density analyzer) ; (2) GRAPE gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluator (shipboard physical properties measurement) (replaced by GRA bulk density)

GS pulling tool device attached to the coring line that is used to engage and retrieve inner core barrels and other downhole tools

GTS geological timescale

guide horn [n., adj.] (also "guide shoe"); structure extending from the keel to the drill floor that provides a 350-ft (107 m) bending radius to reduce bending stresses in the drill string

Hamilton Frame device that measures P-wave velocity

hand crew member; helper

Hard rock – igneous or metamorphic rock. Volcaniclastics are not considered hard rock. They are handled as other sediment cores (i.e. they do not get piece numbers).

HEE high-energy engineering (pipe-severing system) [drilling]

HFU heat flow units

HIRM hard isothermal remanent magnetization

HPC hydraulic piston corer (replaced by the advanced hydraulic piston corer, APC) [drilling]

HRB hard rock base [drilling]

HREE heavy rare earth element(s)

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) - Low levels of H₂S gas may be encountered in cores in which microbial sulfate reduction is occurring or in cores from hydrothermal vent areas in which seawater sulfate has reacted with high-temperature intrusions. H₂S is a highly reactive (and toxic) gas, which is normally maintained at negligible concentrations by rapid reaction with iron or other metals present in the sediment. In some cases, such as iron-deficient carbonate sediments and where gas hydrates or sulfate-rich brines are present, H₂S concentrations may be sufficient to cause a toxic gas breathing hazard, especially when cores are being handled in confined or poorly ventilated areas. In these situations, the JOIDES Resolution is equipped with H₂S sensors on the rig floor, the core receiving platform, and in the interior core-handling areas. H₂S levels of 10-20 ppm should activate audible and visual alarms and bring about an H₂S alert. H₂S odor is apparent at levels below those detectable by sensors or analytical instruments. If H₂S presence is suspected, the hydrocarbon monitoring techniques should include analysis by thermal conductivity detector gas chromatography (NGA) to provide information on concentration levels and any trends of H₂S occurrence in cores.

increase as finite conventional natural gasdeposits are depleted. As concern increases

index properties [n.] moisture and density analyses; index-properties [adj.]

inner core barrel steel tube fitted with core catchers and (usually) a plastic core liner, in which the core is retained and transported to the drill floor; ODP inner core barrels for all coring systems are retrievable through the drill string by means of a wireline

IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program

IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling

IRD ice-rafted debris

IRM isothermal remanent magnetization

JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center

Sample Master database

JD Julian day; the number of a day within a calendar year

jet in [v.] to advance a hole without rotation and by means of fluid circulation only; used to set reentry-cone/conductor-casing strings because rotation would damage the large, heavy reentry-cone assembly; jet-in [adj.] a jet-in test is conducted at the exploratory hole for each reentry site

JOI Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

JOIDES Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling

joint length of pipe, usually 20-45 ft (6-14 m) in length; lengths of drill pipe or tubing less than 20 ft are known as pup joints

junk any unwanted object or material, usually metal, in a hole; junk is a hazard to drilling and coring tools and often must be fished

junk basket device for fishing small pieces of junk

k low-field magnetic susceptibility

K/T Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary ; also K/P: Cretaceous/Paleogene

ka thousands of years before the present

Kelly hose length of flexible hose that extends from the gooseneck to the swivel for circulation of the drilling fluid

kelly in conventional rotary drilling, the uppermost component of the drill string; the kelly is an extra-heavy joint of pipe with flat or fluted sides that is free to move vertically through a "kelly bushing" in the rotary table; the kelly bushing imparts torque to the kelly and thereby the drill string is rotated; on JOIDES Resolution, the kelly is replaced by the top drive and a length of "knobby" drill pipe

Kinley wireline cutter and crimper devices to cut and/or crimp coring or logging line downhole if tools become stuck

knobby joints (also "heavy-wall drilling joints") special drill-pipe joints machined from drill collar stock; 8-in. hubs are spaced at 5-ft intervals to distribute bending stresses as the pipe is bent through the guide horn when the vessel rolls or is displaced off the hole

kt knot(s) nautical speed unit

LA last appearance (biostratigraphy)

LAD last-appearance datum (biostratigraphy)

LA-ICP-MS laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

LASER light amplification through stimulated emission response

LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (formerly LDGO)

LDT lithodensity logging tool [logging]

LECO brand name of the carbon/carbonate analyzer

LED light emitting diode

less carbon dioxide to the atmosphere thancombustion of either coal or oil.Gas hydrate looks very much likeordinary ice, but if you put a match to it, itburns with a soft orange flame like the pilot light on a gas stove.

LFV lockable float valve [drilling]

LGH lower guide horn

LGM last glacial maximum

LO (1) laboratory officer [ODP]; (2) last occurrence (biostratigraphy)

loran long-range navigation (a radio position-fixing system)

LPTM - The late Paleocene thermal maximum (LPTM, also called the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum or PETM) is associated with a brief, but intense, interval of global warming and a massive perturbation of the global carbon cycle as well as extinction of numerous deep-sea benthic foraminifera. It is theorized that the timing is associated with a series of nearly catastrophic releases of methane from gas hydrates, punctuated by intervals of relative equilibria between hydrate dissociation and carbon burial.

L-wave long (surface) wave

m.y. million years; used to express duration

mA milliampere

Ma millions of years before the present

MAD (1) moisture and density measurements; (2) mean angular deviation; (3) mean angular dispersion

magnaflux trade name for electromagnetic inspection given to BHA connections at least once per leg to check for fatigue cracks and other flaws in the threaded areas make up to screw a threaded connection together; to assemble

MAR (1) Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; (2) mass accumulation rate

MBR mechanical bit release [drilling]

mbrf meters below rig floor [drilling]

mbsf meters below seafloor

mbsl meters below sea level

MCD caliper tool; measures hole diameter [logging]

mcd meters composite depth

MCS (1) multichannel seismic ; (2) multichannel sonic (12-channel) logging tool [logging]

METS marine emergency technical squad

Milankovitch cyclicity the collective effect of changes in the eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit on the climate, resulting in 100,000 year ice age cycles of the Quaternary glaciation over the last few million years.

minicore

MN magnetic north

Moho Mohorovicic Discontinuity is the boundary between the crust and upper mantle.

Mohole a hypothetical drill hole that was to penetrate the Moho

Molspin spinner magnetometer (MSM)

monkey board small work platform in the derrick occupied by the derrickman when drill collars or other tubulars are being set back vertically in the derrick

moonpool circular opening through the center of the drillship, extending from the main deck through the keel, through which the drill string passes

MOR mid-ocean ridge

MORB mid-ocean-ridge basalt

mousehole temporary holding tube located just to port of the rotary table; the mousehole is used to hold one or more joints of drill pipe while a joint is made up to or disconnected from the top drive

MP melting point

MRM magnetometric resistivity method

MS (1) mass spectrometry; (2) magnetic susceptibility

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet [OSHA]

MSM (1) Molspin spinner magnetometer; (2) magnetic susceptibility meter

MST multisensor track OR Material Services team

MT (1) marine technician, marine laboratory specialist [ODP]; (2) empty (when written on a D-tube)

mT millitesla (unit of magnetism)

mud drilling mud; a fluid, either water- or oil-based, used in drilling operations, with clay, polymer, barite, or a variety of other substances added to alter its physical and/or chemical properties

mud motor also Positive Displacement Motor (PDM), Navidrill, Dynadrill, etc.; a downhole motor operated by pumping drilling mud or water through it; mud motors are used for applications in which it is not desirable to rotate the entire drill string

multisensor track MST

multishot (also "Eastman Multishot"); mechanical magnetic orientation device used in the sinker bar assembly of the coring line to collect orientation data for APC cores and for drift shots during deeper coring/drilling operations

MWC measurement while coring [drilling]

MWD measurement while drilling [drilling]

MWL mean water level

NAA neutron activation analysis

natural gamma ray NGR

NERC Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.)

NF normal faults

NGA natural gas analyzer

NGR (1) nuclear gamma resonance (= Mössbauer spectroscopy); (2) natural gamma ray

NGT natural-gamma spectrometry tool [logging]

nmi nautical mile [science and boating]

N-MORB normal mid-ocean ridge basalt

NMR natural-remanent magnetization

Note 19, Revised H₂S Drilling Contingency Plan (Foss and Julson, 1993 [currently

NRM natural remanent magnetization

NRMT nuclear resonance magnetometer tool

NSO nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen

OBS ocean-bottom seismometer

OCB outer core barrel [drilling]

OG organic geochemistry (sample designation) [curation]

ORP oxidation-reduction potential

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.) (not just a small town in upstate Wisconsin)

pack off to plug the annular space between tubular components or between the hole wall and the drill string (verb)

packer downhole device for sealing the annulus between drill string and open hole, drill string and casing, tubing and casing, etc.; the packer isolates a section of annulus or hole hydraulically for testing, sampling, or production purposes

packoff device for sealing an annular space, usually at the surface; the seal usually permits relative motion of the wire, rod, or tube (noun)

PCB (1) pressure core barrel (obsolete DSDP tool) [drilling]

PCS pressure core sampler [drilling]

PCSP preliminary cruise sampling plan (brief outline of each sample request accepted, rejected, or deferred at the beginning of each leg) [curation]

PDCM positive displacement coring motor [drilling]

PDR precision depth recorder

PETM – see LPTM.

PFT perfluorocarbon trace

PGE platinum-group elements

pH expression of acidity vs. alkalinity (i.e., effective hydrogen ion concentration)

piperacker automated pipe-handling and storage system located aft of the drill floor and used to store a "working string" of up to 9100 m of drill pipe horizontally in 29-m stands

PLFA phospholipid fatty acid analysis

POOH pull out of hole (in reality, lift the bit up off the bottom of the hole, not necessarily clear the mud line) [drilling]

PP physical properties

ppm parts per million

Procedures for responding to an H₂S alert are fully described in ODP Technical

pusher (also" tool pusher", "night pusher", "day pusher", "drilling foreman"); the contractor employee in charge of the entire rig operation at any given time

PVT pressure-volume-temperature

P-wave primary seismic or compressional wave

PWS (1) pore water sampler ; (2) discrete P-wave velocity (V_P) sensors PWS1, PWS2, PWS3 on the Hamilton frame probe

RAB resistivity at the bit (n.); resistivity-at-the-bit (adj.)

rabbit small piece of bar or tubing of known diameter that is passed through tubulars to ensure that they are free of obstructions or diameter restrictions

RAD resistivity attenuation deep measurement

rathole temporary holding tube for the kelly/swivel assembly during pipe trips on rigs that are so equipped; on a land rig, a special hole must be drilled for that purpose

RCB rotary core barrel [drilling]

reefer refrigerated core/sample storage area [curation]

reentry cone large (12 ft. diameter) funnel-shaped installation that is anchored in the seafloor by conductor casing on reentry sites. It serves as a conduit for reentry and wellhead for landing and supporting the surface-casing string

reentry the procedure of relocating a previously drilled hole and reinserting the drill string into it

RF (1) representative fraction; (2) radio frequency; (3) reverse fault

RI (1) refractive index; (2) reduction index

RM remanent magnetism

Rock-Eval pyrolysis instrument for evaluating source character and maturity of organic matter in rock samples

ROP rate of penetration in drilling or coring [drilling]

rotary shifting tool actuating tool run on the coring line to shift an internal sleeve in a downhole tool, such as the MBR, DIC, or casing-running tool

roughneck crew member who works on the drill floor; "floorman"

round trip complete operation of tripping the drill string into the hole and back out again (or vice versa)

roustabout crew member who works around the rig but not on the drill floor, usually on maintenance and general labor

ROV remotely operated vehicle

RPD redox potential discontinuity

SAC Sample Allocation Committee

SAM (1) shipboard sampling computer program [Curation

Sapropel – an aquatic ooze rich in organic matter. Believed to be source material for petroleum and natural gas.

SAR sediment-accumulation rate

SBA shipboard analysis (sample designation) [curation]

SCBA – SCBA is an acronym for Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Such an apparatus consists of a suitable face mask, combined with a hose and source of fresh air, generally in the form of compressed air.

SCBA self-contained breathing apparatus [safety]

SCS single-channel seismic

SDP Sample Distribution Policy [curation]

SEDCO/BP 471 previous registered name of drilling vessel used by ODP; (a.k.a. JOIDES Resolution) [ship]

SEM scanning electron microscope

SEM/EDA scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive analysis

semi- (compounds should be closed up unless the vowel is doubled)

shatterbox

shear pin a pin, usually metal, designed to fail under a given shear stress for a specific purpose

shore based [n.]; shore-based [adj.]

single single joint of drill pipe or tubing; used to differentiate from a "double" or a "stand," which are two and three joints, respectively

sinker bar heavy bar run at the end of a wireline to help keep the slack out and to provide jarring action

skate wheeled vehicle that runs forward and aft in the track of the piperacker carrying the pin end of a stand of pipe as it is handled in or out of the racker

SLIDES database program for smear-slide descriptions [ODP]

slips tapered segmented bushing with hardened steel teeth for holding the weight of the drill string when it is set down on the rotary table

slts siltstone

smear slide [n., adj.]

SOP standard operating procedure [general]

species

spud-in to start a hole; to begin drilling or coring at the seafloor

squeeze cake [n., adj.]

SQUID super-conducting quantum interference device

SR Scientific Results of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program [publications]

S-wave secondary/shear wave

swivelS assembly immediately above the top drive that supports the entire weight of the drill string, acts as thrust bearing to permit rotation, and provides a rotating packoff and entry point for circulation down the drill string; also any component that provides continuity through a wire, tubular string, rod, or shaft while permitting relative rotation above and below

T/D top drive [drilling]

TAMRF Texas A&M Research Foundation

TAMU Texas A&M University

TC total carbon

TCP/IP networking protocol available on the ship [computers]

TD total depth of a hole [drilling]

Techniques

TEM transmission electron microscopy

tensor tool electronic magnetic orientation device incorporated in the sinker bar assembly of the coring line for collecting orientation data for APC cores

thermal conductivity

thin section

TOC total organic carbon

tongs large, jointed "wrenches" used by the rig crew to make and break threaded connections in the drill string; largely replaced by the iron roughneck but still used occasionally

tool joint drill-pipe threaded connection; characterized by diameter larger than the tube diameter and a special "upset" providing a transition to the thinner, more flexible section of the tube

toolpusher (see "pusher")

top drive electric or hydraulic motor suspended in the derrick that provides primary rotation of the drill string; replaces the rotary table/kelly bushing/kelly system

traveling block large assembly suspended in the derrick and composed of the lower sheave assembly of the main hoisting system, the movable piston/cylinder portion of the heave compensator, and the connector subassembly

trip (or tripping) act of assembling/disassembling the drill string to run drilling tools into the hole or to recover them

triple combination [n., adj.]; also triple combo

TSB thin-section billet (sample designation) [curation]

tugger (also "air tugger"); air-operated hoisting winch used extensively in the drill floor and moonpool areas for rigging, hoisting personnel into the derrick, etc.

under revision]).

UWG underway geophysics laboratory [ship]

VCD visual core-description form; database program for visual core descriptions of sedimentary cores [ODP]

V-door opening in the side of the derrick at the base, shaped like an inverted "V," through which tubular components are moved to and from the drill floor

VE vertical exaggeration

volcanic glass

volcaniclastic

volcanogenic

VPC vibra-percussive corer [drilling]

wash core sample of sediment or rock recovered from an inner core barrel that was in place during a "washing" operation

wash to drill ahead with a coring assembly, making no attempt to retrieve core barrels or recover core; "drill" is the preferred term

WCR West Coast Repository at SIO

well log

wet bulk density

WinFrog

wiper trip short trip of the drill string made for purposes of opening a hole that may be restricted by a swelling formation or (where a circulating mud system is used) "wiping" excess mud filter cake from the borehole wall

wireline trip procedure of lowering the sinker bars on the coring line to retrieve an inner core barrel or other downhole tool; also the lowering and retrieving of a logging tool through the water column with the logging winch

WOB weight on bit (n.), weight-on-bit (adj.)

WOC waiting on cement (suspended operations) [drilling]

WOW waiting on weather (suspended operations) [drilling]

WSTP water-sampling temperature probe and water-sampling temperature-pressure tool

XRD (1) X-ray diffraction ; (2) sample designation (or XD) [curation]

XRF (1) X-ray fluorescence ; (2) sample designation (or XF) [curation]

Z Zulu; (also "GMT") replaced by UTC

Unconformity surface of erosion or non-deposition that separates younger strata from older rocks and represents a significant hiatus.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Shipboard Curatorial Cookbook is the result of the combined knowledge and writings of DSDP, ODP and IODP shipboard and shorebased curatorial staff. Many thanks to all who came before me.

Paula Weiss, June 2004

A partial list of curators who have contributed directly or indirectly to this volume includes:

Amy Altman

Steve Asquith

Jerry Bode

Dennis Bohrer
Kim Bracchi

Jim Butler

Scott Chaffey

Gail Clement

Gar Esmay

John Firth

Royce John Fiske III

Dan Fornari

Linda Garifel

Anne Graham

Gretchen Hampt

Jim Harrington
Bob Hayman

Bruce Horan

Jessica Huckemeyer

Robert Kemp

Christine Mato

Erinn McCarty

Russell Merrill

John Miller

Bill Mills

Peggy Myre

Kathy O’Neil

Drew Patrick

Steve Prinz

Dan Quoidbach

Phil Rumford

Nancy Smith

Lorraine Southey

Diana Stockdale

Paula Weiss

Bob Wilcox

Trudy Wood

Paula Worstell

Alex Wuelbers

Yasmin Yabyabin