EXP 395 Curatorial Report

James Kowalski

Expedition Summary

Four sites were cored on Expedition 395 (U1564, U1554, U1562, U1602). The total recovery for the expedition was 3825.76 m at a recovery of 87%. From 532 cores, a total of 11,169 samples were taken. 5,065 were for shipboard analysis and 6,104 were for personal post-cruise research.

Holes U1564F and U1602E started with a drilled interval followed by RCB coring.

Sampling for shipboard analysis and personal sampling occurred on board. The personal sampling was limited to microbiology, interstitial water-related, seawater, and hard rock. One shipboard sample party for personal hard rock was held towards the end of the expedition for cores 44R-62R from U1564F. Cores 63R-76R will be sampled during the Bremen sample party in January 2024.

Shipments

26 pallets (consisting of 286 core boxes and 11 residue p-boxes) will be shipped to the BCR. 23 pallets (consisting of 143 boxes) will be shipped to the GCR with 7 of the 23 heading to Scripps for XRF scanning. These core boxes are labeled with a blue star/dot.

19 frozen and 3 refrigerated shipments will be sent via World Courier during the EXP400 port call. Of those shipments, 9 are EXP399 sample shipments that were left on board during EXP395 due to dry ice issues during the EXP395 port call. EXP399 shipments are for ROBA and WANG.

The core boxes were separated into Archive and Working pallets. Each core box was labeled with a ‘W’ (Working) or ‘A’ (Archive) to represent the section halves in the box. Working half boxes were written in black marker and Archive half boxes were written in red marker. The Core Box Inventory and Pallet Inventory can be found attached to this report. The documents will be sent to the GCR and BCR.

Frozen Shipments:

Melody R. Lindsay – 10 boxes
Inorganic Geochemist
Deep Biosphere Laboratory
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
60 Bigelow Drive
East Boothbay ME 04544
USA
mlindsay@bigelow.org

1 808 389 5636

Refrigerated Shipments:

Justin P. Dodd – 1 box
Inorganic Geochemist
Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Environment

Northern Illinois University
Davis Hall 312, Normal Road
DeKalb IL 60115
USA
jdodd@niu.edu

815 753 1943 (office)

505 314 3998 (cell)

Sidney R. Hemming – 1 box
Physical Properties Specialist
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
61 Rt 9W
Palisades NY 10964
USA
sidney@ldeo.columbia.edu

845 365 8417 (office)

646 701 2908 (cell)

Yair Rosenthal – 1 box
Physical Properties Specialist/Stratigraphic Correlator (shorebased)
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
71 Dudley Road
New Brunswick NJ 08901-8521
USA
rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu

Other Shipments:

Ying Cui – 2 boxes
Organic Geochemist
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies
Montclair State University
1 Normal Ave.
Montclair NJ 07043
USA
cuiy@montclair.edu

1 814 321 5951

Anita Di Chiara – 1 box
Paleomagnetist
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Via di Vigna Murata 605
00143 Roma
Italy
anita.dichiara@ingv.it

39 320 339 5718

Justin P. Dodd – 3 boxes
Inorganic Geochemist
Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Environment

Northern Illinois University
Davis Hall 312, Normal Road
DeKalb IL 60115
USA
jdodd@niu.edu

815 753 1943 (office)

505 314 3998 (cell)

Deepa P. Dwyer – 1 box
Physical Properties Specialist
College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University, CEOAS
104 SW 26^th St.
Corvallis OR 97331
USA
shahde@oregonstate.edu

201 953 0984

Sarah A. Friedman – 1 box
Assistant Professor
Department of Geology and Geography
Georgia Southern University Statesboro Campus
Herty Building 1100C
Statesboro GA 30458
USA
sfriedman@georgiasouthern.edu

1 847 651 5343

Thomas D. Jones – 2 boxes
Micropaleontologist/Nannofossils
Geography, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences

University of Birmingham
Birmingham

B15 2TT
United Kingdom
t.dunkleyjones@bham.ac.uk

44 0 7502 487 355

EORI GB 729 8561 87

David D. McNamara – 1 box
Downhole Tools/Physical Properties Specialist
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences

Jane Herdman Laboratories
University of Liverpool
4 Brownlow
Liverpool

L69 3GP
United Kingdom
d.mcnamara@liverpool.ac.uk

44 738879 6721

Sevasti E. Modestou – 1 box

Sedimentologist
Coob Ellison Building

Environment and Engineering
Northumbria University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne

NEI 8ST
United Kingdom
sevi.modestou@northumbria.ac.uk

44790185080

Bramley Murton (shorebased) – 1 box
Petrologist
Marine Geoscience Group
National Oceanography Centre
Southampton SO14 3ZH
United Kingdom
bjm@noc.ac.uk

Suzanne B. O’Connell – 1 box
Sedimentologist
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Exley 431
Wesleyan University
265 Church Street
Middletown CT 06459
USA
soconnell@wesleyan.edu

860 685 2262

Gabriel T. Pasquet – 1 box
Petrologist
Complex Fluids and Reservoirs Laboratory
University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour
Avenue De l’Universite, Batiment IPRA II
64000 Pau
France
gabriel.pasquet@univ-pau.fr

33625695923

Paul N. Pearson – 1 box
Micropaleontologist (planktic foraminifers)
c/o Prof Bridget S. Wade

Department of Earth Sciences

University College London

Gower Street

London WC1E 6BT

United Kingdom

pearsonp@cardiff.ac.uk

(+44) 1353 364761

Thena Thulasi Doss – 2 boxes
Sedimentologist
Geosciences Division
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR)
Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403804
India
thinathulasi@gmail.com

91 9698544856

Yair Rosenthal – 1 box
Physical Properties Specialist/Stratigraphic Correlator (shorebased)
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
71 Dudley Road
New Brunswick NJ 08901-8521
USA
rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu

Tao Wu – 1 box
Petrologist
Ocean College
Zhejiang University
Zhoushan 316021
China
taowu@zju.edu.cn

86 188 68438698

Sophie Hines (shorebased) – 1 box

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

266 Woods Hole Rd, MS #25

Woods Hole, MA 02543

USA

shines@whoi.edu

office phone number: +1 508-289-3483

cell phone: +1 617-721-8932

Takuma Suzuki – 1 box
Micropaleontologist (foraminifers)
Center for Advanced Marine Core Research
Kochi University
B200 Monobe
Nankoku
Kochi 783-8502
Japan
zaku142@gmail.com

Nicholas J. White – 1 box
Physical Properties Specialist
Bullard Laboratories
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Cambridge
Madingley Road
Cambridge CB3 0EZ
United Kingdom
njw10@cam.ac.uk

Site Conversions

The conversion between pre-site to site identifiers are listed below:

Site Summary

U1554

Hole G:  APC/XCB to 355 m with 362.29 m recovery

Hole H: APC/XCB to 354.9 m with 370.1 m recovery

U1562

Hole A: APC/XCB to 293.4 m with 308.45 m recovery

U1564

Hole D: APC/XCB to 655.3 m with 632.42 m recovery

Hole E: APC/XCB to 263.5 m with 273.7 m recovery

Hole F: Drilled interval to 598.0 m, RCB to 1169.7 m with 434.15 recovery

U1602

Hole A: APC/XCB to 8.8 m with 8.81 m recovery

Hole B: APC/XCB to 251.1 m with 262.37 m recovery

Hole C: APC/XCB to 267.3 m with 272.63 m recovery

Hole D: APC/XCB to 540.7 m with 450.45 m recovery

Hole E: Drilled interval to 529.3 m, RCB to 1365.2 m with 450.39 m recovery

Note: Hole A was abandoned after Core 1H due to disturbance of the core barrel washing device known as the Pig.

Catwalk Sampling

An example of Expedition 395 Catwalk sampling is shown in Figure 1. This figure depicts the entire suite of routine catwalk sampling, but some holes and sites had different approaches based on the sampling completed during 395C. Catwalk diagrams for each hole can be found on the ship server (_IODP OFFICIAL > _Curator > EXP 395 (2023)). Below is a summary of the catwalk samples taken during 395.

Open

Figure 1: Example Catwalk Sampling Strategy utilized during Expedition 395

• Interstitial Water (IW): 5-10 cm WRND from the bottom of section 2 every 10 m

• Microbiology (MBIO; for LIND): 1x5cc syringe taken from the cut face opposite an IW every 10 m; when too hard (XCB/RCB) the sample was taken as a 5 cm WRND.

• Headspace: 1x5cc syringe taken from cut face opposite an IW every 10 m. When sediment/rock became too hard, HS was taken from the same 5 cm WRND of MBIO

• Paleontology (PAL): 5 cm WRND from every core. At times during RCB coring, PAL was only taken every fifth core while a Nanno chip was sampled from the core catcher the other four cores

• Mudline: three mudline samples were taken from each site. Chem (IW) mudline, PAL mudline, and MBIO mudline

• Niskin Bottles: taken during re-entry at Site U1564 Hole F for Sophie Hines (HINE)

• Drilling Fluid: collected for MBIO (LIND) at the start of XCB coring

• Oxygen measurements: Taken from sections 1-7 for the first 10 m and section 2 following. Conducted in a similar procedure to Rhizon sampling in the Down Hole Lab.

Interstitial Water

Interstitial water (IW) was taken as a WRND sample on the catwalk every 10 m. A breakdown of the IW and Squeeze Cake (SC) splits are depicted in Figure 2. Due to the high interest in interstitial water, two priority lists were created to organize sampling for the chem lab staff and scientists based on the amount of water that was squeezed from an IW. For example, if only 9 ml was collected from a 5 cm WRND IW, then IWS and IWICP would be the only IW splits fulfilled. To incorporate the high volume required for IWHINE in addition to the rest of the IW splits at the top 10 m of select holes, an IW was taken from the bottom of sections 1-6.

Open

Figure 2: Chemistry Sample Splits for Expedition 395

Sample Table Plan

Figure 3: Expedition 395 Sample Table Plan.

An example of the sampling completed on Working half cores during Expedition 395 can be found in Figure 3. It is important to note that one CARB and XRD sample was taken from each squeeze cake (see Figure 2 for more information). Sedimentologist Sevi Modestou performed a decarbonation experiment on a select suite of XRD samples from U1564. These samples were named “XRD_ACID” with a test of XRD.

Shipboard Sampling Party

A shipboard sampling party was held from August 7-10 for personal hard rock. A total of 227 personal hard rock samples were collected from Site U1564 F cores 44R to 62R. Sample types include quarter rounds, half rounds, and pmag cubes. Scientists who participated in the sampling party include Tao Wu, Gabriel Pasquet, Nicholas White, Bramley Murton, David McNamara, Sarah Friedman, and Justin Dodd. Debra Eason acted as a proxy for Bramley Murton due to his participation as a shore-based scientist. Shore-based scientists Shengpeng Qian and Alex Yang did not receive samples due to the lack of glass and fresh basalt in the available hard rock cores. All remaining hard rock cores (63R to 76R) will be sampled at the Bremen Sampling Party in January 2024.

Personal Sampling

• Tao Wu

Towards the middle of the expedition, Wu requested to pick glass shards from the PAL foram residues of this expedition and of 395C (brought to the ship by Paul Pearson). Questions were raised about whether this post-cruise research would conflict with Alex Yang (shorebased) who is also analyzing glass. The SAC approved Wu’s on-board sampling on the condition that he would contact Alex Yang to sort out any conflict. No conflict was discovered. These glass samples were entered with the name “GLASS_WU”. In addition to these glass shards, Wu received 34 quarter round hard rock samples during the shipboard sample party.

• Melody Lindsay

Melody Lindsay is a microbiologist sailing on 395. She received a 5cc syringe, ~10cc hard sediment chip, or hard rock WRND for her post-cruise microbiology research. During APC coring, the sediment was soft enough that a syringe was able to be pushed into the core opposite of an IW to obtain a sample. When the sediment became too hard and rejected the syringe during XCB and RCB coring, a 5 cm WRND was taken. This WRND was shared with HS and the residual was bagged and considered “WRND residue.” At times when IW was taken during these hard intervals, MBIO and HS were sampled from the IW before squeezing. Melody also received one WRND sample from each hard rock core. After each hard rock core was brought into the splitting room, Melody or her proxy would identify the WRND she wanted for her research. This WRND was photographed and documented before removal from the core. Sometimes a portion of the WRND was brought back and incorporated back into the core. When her splitting rendered other hard rock bits, the SAC allowed her to keep the residual material for post-cruise research.

• Ying Cui

Less than 24 hours before the coring of Site U1602, Ying (geochemist) approached the SAC with a request for 10-20 mL IW water and ¼ of the squeeze cake from each core of Hole A. Due to her lack of preparation and participation in the chemistry lab, the SAC did not approve this request. Rather, it was decided to give her < 10 mL of IWS residual and ¼ of the squeeze cake. Since this post-cruise research was not mentioned in her pre-cruise sample request, Ying submitted a second sample request on SDRM (104368IODP) for the IW and SC from U1602. These samples take on the request code of CUI2.

• Sarah Friedman

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, Sarah received 24 pmag cubes.

• David McNamara

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, David received 62 whole round samples for his basalt alteration research.

• Bramley Murton

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, Bramley received 14 quarter round samples.

• Nicky White

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, Nicky received 28 HRND/QRND samples.

• Gabriel Pasquet

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, Gabriel received 42 HRND/QRND samples.

• Justin Dodd

During the shipboard hard rock sampling party, Justin received 24 QRND/HRND samples. He also is receiving IW and squeeze cake samples from all sites.

• Chem lab personal samples

Yair Rosenthal = IW and SC

Sid Hemming = IW, Niskin bottle water

Sophie Hines = IW, Niskin bottle water

Thin Sections

A total of 94 thin sections were made by Susan Boehm on Expedition 395. Please see the Thin Section Inventory attached for a complete list. An excel spreadsheet of the inventory will be sent to Head Curator Michelle Penkrot and GCR Superintendent Chad Broyles. During the expedition, Scientist Gabriel Pasquet spudder coated a series of thin sections with carbon for EDS mapping. This was allowed by the SAC since the coating can be readily polished off. The thin sections will be shipped together to the GCR via air freight.

Additionally, one thin section from 395C was requested by the scientists to investigate provenance. The TSB was cut and entered into Sample Master on shore, shipped to Reykjavik, delivered to the JR by the Iceland Coast Guard vessel, Por (pronounced Thor). Once on the JR, the billet was made into a thin section and sampled for ICP. The thin section was curated as TS #59 from 395C and will reside with the rest of the 395C thin sections.

Smear Slides

A total of 757 smear slides were prepared and described by the 395 sedimentologists and 692 smear slides were prepared and described by the 395 paleontologists. An excel spreadsheet of the inventory will be sent to Head Curator Michelle Penkrot and GCR Superintendent Chad Broyles.

Residues

Below is the distribution of residual material from expedition 395:

Below is a detailed list of the residues that will be shipped to scientists:

Sample Request Codes and Numbers

See below for a list of 395 scientists, their sample request numbers, and request codes. All sample requests below were approved by the Expedition 395 Sample Allocation Committee.

Problems Encountered

Gaseous expansion: Sites U1564, U1554, and U1562, had high levels of gas in the shallow sections which caused APC/HLAPC cores to expand after cutting. To combat this issue holes were drilled into the core liner before cutting to relieve the pressure. Sections were measured shorter than normal (~148 cm) to allow expansion to not reach over 155 cm. This was done to ensure core fitment in d-tubes.

Shattered liners: Coinciding with gaseous expansion was the issue of shattered liners. This was a common problem during APC/HLAPC coring. After the liner was placed on the rack on the Catwalk, holes were immediately drilled approximately every 15-20 cm. Sections were then cut from the top of the core to the bottom. Core cutting was done slowly and in both rotational directions to not apply stress to a single side of the liner. In some cases, the liner was under so much pressure that simply locking the core cutter on to the liner (no rotation) would cause the liner to crack in both directions. Most of the shattered liners were replaced with full sleeves due to their spiderweb habit, but some were partially shattered and were repaired with a single piece of liner patch.

Thin Section on Geodesc: During the expedition, scientists were having trouble entering descriptive information to thin section. When clicking on a sample they would receive an error pop-up and would not let them proceed. It was discovered that thin section offsets must be entered as the length of their parent (i.e. the TSB). Meaning a TSB taken at 35-38 cm in a core section would have a TS child with an offset of 0-3 cm. The correction of this offset permitted scientists to describe thin sections on Geodesc.

Niskin Bottles: During VSI runs on Site U1564 Hole F, the large Niskin bottle (5L) was stuck open and therefore did not recover any seawater during the first run. On consecutive runs, the Niskin bottles worked as normal.

Helpful Tips and Tricks

Splitting APC cores with giant dropstones: The new installation of XSCAN on the ship proved very useful in the identification of dropstones before WRND sections were split using the wire. The Physical Properties scientists would first identify any sections that looked problematic and alert the marine techs with suggested intervals. WRND sections would be marked with dropstone intervals. While splitting, the core would be split until the dropstone and then the wire would be remove. The core liner would then be cut with only the two angle razors on the splitting mount for the rest of the section. The interval not cut by the wire would then be cut by the hand-held “cheese cutter.” This method of splitting was also used when the core barrel washing device (the PIG) was found in the WRND section at the beginning of Site XXX Hole X.

Sand Core Curation: Massive sand units were discovered when drilling U1602C (18H and 20H). The process of sectioning and curating these cores on the catwalk is as follows. First, the sand was pushed from both sides with the metal pusher to compress the evident air and water voids. Then sections were measured a bit long (~160 cm) to obtain an adequate section length after grain settling and consolidation. Sections were cut and an end cap was placed on one end immediately. Each section was then rotated to vertical (end cap side down) to let the sand grains settle over time (1-2 minutes). The displaced water on top of the sand was then poured out carefully and the section, still in the vertical orientation, was cut with a core cutter and capped.

Action Items

Post-Cruise Thin Section Request

Four scientists are interested in borrowing thin sections after the cruise. Sid Hemming and Suzanne O’Connell are interested in the total collection of sandstone and dropstone thin sections (up to TS65) but are still working out who will get what. Tao and Nicky White are interested in the basalt thin sections (after TS65) and have yet to provide me a list with individual thin sections to request. The thin sections from X395 will be sent to the GCR via air freight and then shipped to the scientists, following the completion of IODP’s thin section agreement. The SAC is on alert with Nicky White’s request due to his need for highly polished surfaces that may ruin the integrity of the thin sections.

Ying Cui Samples in LIMS

Samples such as IWS were assigned to Ying (request code: CUI) after the completion of sites. Due to her new research interest in interstitial water a second request code was produced for her additional sample request in SDRM. However, inconsistencies in her sample entries are apparent and there should be only two request code-request number pairs (i.e. CUI with 80420IODP and CUI2 with 104368IODP). I will correct these inconsistencies on shore.